=gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg= = = = k+`e*'y'|` = = #bjai nt1 #a 8"r%" = = = = k&"*'k~" = = = =7777777777777777777777777777777777= kv`e+"bx1b='fz1h>1a:"i!"f*1k&'=1h:"h:' c{"2w"mx1i/"$"b/'ov`b/"dt`*" g3"n?1s`k("mw`bx1b='fz1k_'d+1e|'js12 jy`|`bx1b='fz1l!"q/1ct1c3"33 7#jb7 #bcca-gfjj exp #aj--#ac g3"n?1s`h>1a:"a}'+"ey"kt"*"2jy` e-mail a:" service@ivy.com.tw o0"a/"33e?"kt"r$"s`r$1q/"b/`c*`i:1kt' <'l g3"n?1e3`j|`dt`h:"dx`v"d!a e-mail $" a:"kz'kw`2jy`|`w"mx1i/"$"b/'ov`b/"k&'h3" gu1~1ct1c3"2dt"r9"33 #jb-bcfafffc ext #hejg e-mail: yung@tfb.org.tw k_`o<"i:1l!"o{` d>"a}'~"e{"33 #jf_3#cj--#jg_3#jj az"d>"a:'iz'{a(' *'"1/`o ,,fm #hh.g {=1iv'j|'}"qx'*'~"a:" a:`nv1k&'o #jh_3#jj--#jh_3#cj az"d>"a:'iz'{a(' *'"1/`o ,,fm #hh.g {=1iv'j|'}"qx'*'~"a:" a:`nv1k&'o #jh_3#jj--#jh_3#cj q/`d>"a:'iz'{a(' *'"1cs"o ,,fm #hh.e {ev'b&1,e?'a_',i/" c?1,ov`j{1o #jh_3#cb--#ji_3#jj bx1g&1a:'iz' {a(' *'"1/`o ,,fm #hh.c {fw1nv1o #ac_3#cj--#ad_3#jj fw1*"a:'iz' {a(' *'"1/`o ,,fm #hh.c {ov`j{1,i/"c?1o #ai_3#cj--#bj_3#jj dv"k.'a:'iz' {a(' *'"1/`o ,,fm #hh.g {dv"i$`,a/1$1o e{`j*` #bjai nt1 #a 8" #a g:"j*`fy1a:`hw" ,,icrt dt"fw1o<'b/'2n?1l!`a:1k+'a:"bx1 b='fz1k}'_`i('fy'h$"e?'mt`q0"k_`o<"- rv1k)"fy1o<'f&'a:'33rv1k)"fy1o<'i:1 kt'2jy`*'k!"e{"dt"fw1$1a=`- y'=1k{'e81dv'~1i:1l!"o{` ou`e*"c+"k{'e81dv'~12+`l!`ix"bx1b='fz1 _`c/"i/'bz1 7www.ivy.com.tw7 et"ix"i(' fy'l m/"c/" #a/#a j:1r$"j!"t" ------------------# #a/#b 8"d/1j!"t" -------------------# ,The ,Hermitage ,Cats of ,St4 ,Petersburg o<1/"k}`e41m%'h&' 8i:`*"d&"j:1 have0 d!a6"q>` #a/#c qv'*" ------------------------# #a/#d e?'=1k*1k?` ------------------# #a/#e l!'p/`~1d*" ------------------# ,Why ,Your ,Skin ,Gets ,Wrinkled ,When ,Wet k+'lw'p*1q/'p%"i$`ot"a("a:'m*1 #a/#g l!"c("h:" --------------------# ,Taiwan's ,Shy ,Little ,Leopard ,Cat |`i:1r/`f&1rx1 az`ks"o?'$1d&"/" #a/#h a/`f*1e+`h3" -----------------# ,False ,Advertising o/"i:1k_`k%" #a/#i 8"d/1j!"t" -------------------# ,Cacti3 ,The ,Prickly ,Plants ,That ,Rule the ,Desert r_'m<"a/`hw`a!`"1et'gu1ax` ;-*"a:"d&"j:1-2 d!a6"q>` #a/#aj 8"d/1j!"t" ------------------# ,Cacti3 ,The ,Prickly ,Plants ,That ,Rule the ,Desert r_'m<"a/`hw`a!`"1et'gu1ax` #a/#aa e?'=1y'|` -------------------# ,New ,Findings ,Point to ,Cooperative ,Civilization lu`)"l%`k/`*1a:`q>'et"h%`j*1=1my1/1k+' k*1a:'qu' #a/#ab e?'d3'*" --------------------# #a/#ad =1*"e~`ft1 ------------------# ,An ,Experience of a ,Lifetime a$'e41ey"q/1k*1k_'l #a/#ae lv"f/1e+`h3" ----------------# ,Panic on the ,Train r3`b!'l&`r_'k*" #a/#af 8"d/1j!"t" ------------------# ,The ,Prized ,Hummel ,Figurines $"gu1mu1dw"cw1r}'c!"d!ae*`m/`9191 8ever since0 d!a6"q>` #a/#ag k+`e*'=1q>` -----------------# #a/#ah =1e81}"r9'f&` ---------------# ,Ragnar8 k o0`('iu1r9""1a/'iu1r_1r=' 8dw"my1j:1 neither1 either1 both1 any1 all k*1 none0 d!a6"q>` #a/#ai =1e81}"r9'f&` ---------------# ,Ragnar8 k o0`('iu1r9""1a/'iu1r_1r=' #a/#ba pt'ax'k+1k(" ----------------# ,The ,Most ,Productive ,Day iz'bv`c*"d>"k+`m*"l gx"n*`+`nz1jy'e&' s`e{"c|" #a/#bb k31k)'d*"c*` ----------------# ,Trials of the ,Wild3 ,Night of the ,Christmas ,Crab iz'j=1d>"l%`t"33iz"dv"d%`r&1e+" #a/#bc 8"d/1j!"t" ------------------# ,The ,Jolly ,Roger and ,Female ,Pirates of the ,Golden ,Age of ,Piracy iu1k$`;-j*1-2 rx133k?'k31e{'e61 ;-q0'et"dy"es'i:"|`et"dy"es'i:"-2 d!a 6"q>` #a/#bd 8"d/1j!"t" ------------------# ,The ,Jolly ,Roger and ,Female ,Pirates of the ,Golden ,Age of ,Piracy iu1k$`;-j*1-2 rx133k?'k31e{'e61 #a/#be =1*"e~`ft1 ------------------# ,Lighting ,Up the ,Night for ,Millennia j$`jv"r9'r3`av"qx"ft'l&' #a/#bf e?'d3'*" --------------------# #a/#bh l!"c("h:" -------------------# ,The ,Rainbow ,Mountain of ,Peru ix"d*"d>`qv'd!af{1e!"pv1"1m*"c/`jw`r&1 iv' #a/#bi k+`e*'=1q>` -----------------# #a/#cj k}"6"|`qx"d>"ky" ------------# ,Be ,Stressed ,Out )'c*"k3"d>" #a/#ca i:1c*"j!"t" -----------------# 33333333333333333333 gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg #a/#a j:1r$"j!"t" jy`ku'k|"k|"*"rv"=1q>`e~`b/'h$"az"j8" d!ad>1v"- #a4 ,The tyrant ruled his nation with an iron fist and made everyone's life --------4 7,A7 remarkable 7,B7 tolerable 7,C7 miserable 7,D7 preferable #b4 ,People boycotted that company after it ---- its customers by selling expired products4 7,A7 conserved 7,B7 deceived 7,C7 sustained 7,D7 magnified #c4 ,Make sure to follow all the safety ---- when operating these sophisticated machines4 7,A7 guidelines 7,B7 ornaments 7,C7 stereotypes 7,D7 ingredients #d4 ,It's amazing that adult salmon are able to swim back to their birthplace to ---- after years at sea4 7,A7 reproduce 7,B7 navigate 7,C7 campaign 7,D7 surrender #e4 ,Security at this outdoor concert was extremely tight2 ----1 a few people still managed to sneak in without tickets4 7,A7 instead 7,B7 furthermore 7,C7 altogether 7,D7 nonetheless #f4 ,The four years ,Fiona spent studying abroad were ---- to her because she learned and experienced many new things4 7,A7 dreadful 7,B7 priceless 7,C7 forgetful 7,D7 reckless #g4 ,Don't do anything on ----1 or else you might regret it for the rest of your life4 7,A7 admission 7,B7 objection 7,C7 essence 7,D7 impulse #h4 ,Our teacher asked us to read over these sentences and try to ---- their meanings without using a dictionary4 7,A7 underline 7,B7 substitute 7,C7 comprehend 7,D7 overwhelm #i4 ,Sometimes1 it is easier to illustrate an ---- concept by comparing it to something concrete4 7,A7 abstract 7,B7 allergic 7,C7 exterior 7,D7 eventual #aj4 ,Fireworks are frequently set off in ---- of special occasions1 such as ,National ,Day or ,New ,Year's ,Eve4 7,A7 fulfillment 7,B7 celebration 7,C7 resentment 7,D7 proportion d>1v"33 #a4 ,C #b4 ,B #c4 ,A #d4 ,A #e4 ,D #f4 ,B #g4 ,D #h4 ,C #i4 ,A #aj4 ,B 33333333333333333333 &~1cw1g/1j:`y ,C #a4 n>"k!"o%"k4'*`f+`}"f&`a:"f>'d!a k31k)'2i:`m0`k!"gu1d!aiz'r31d('l/`o/"lv' t1- 7,A7 remarkable a4 a318"d!a2q0'qv1d!a f&133 extraordinary a4 ,Ed has made a remarkable improvement in his ,English in a short amount of time4 w"d!1d!ay'=1hw"d}`i:1kt'n0"s`et`a/"d!a k?"o/"- 7,B7 tolerable a4 l!`gu`i("d!a ,This apartment is too small for us1 but it's tolerable for now since the rent is cheap4 a!"kt'k&'|"d$"3`mu1cw1i3'fw"e{`c!a2dv" ?'$"h/'k?'ru`pt1*12m/"jt1rw1nz1gu`i("- 7,C7 miserable a4 f&"l/`d!a2o0'jv`d!a ,Irene looked miserable after being scolded by her boss4 w"c?1o0"c%`ov`m>"k3"r("lv"j*`cw1ru` jv`- 7,D7 preferable a4 kz"r!1gu1*"d!a;kz" r%`d!a be preferable to sth o*`m(`/"kz"r!1gu1 *" ,Sharon thinks wooden floors are preferable to tiled floors4 e8`c=1gu"$1m/"a:1d*"ov`o*`j:1a}'d*"mt" r%`- h:"j:1o/`b&' a4 tyrant n4 o%"k4' b4 with an iron fist *`f+`}"qx'i:" ,Our principal enforces the rules in our school with an iron fist4 3`mu1e{"ax`*`f+`}"qx'i:"a:1ey1e{"k$'- ,B #b4 m?1a&"?'$"kw'k&'e:'qv"i("k3"j*1 bv`p?`j*'pt"e{'q0"a!`:1d*`a:"f>'- 7,A7 conserve vt4 k+18'{h:"gv1h:'~1o; o%`|" ,You should try to conserve water when you wash your car4 n*`e*`b!'i:1y'k?"c."k+18'6"i$`- 7,B7 deceive vt4 j*'pt" ,The blind woman was deceived by a young man who claimed to be her son4 n>"my1mx1q/"o0"*'my1h:"bz'i:"f>':1h:a d!ant1jy'gu1j*'pt"c!a- 7,C7 sustain vt4 a:'bz';i:`b:1e|" ,Only one cup of coffee in the morning isn't enough to sustain ,Gary until lunchtime4 h%`ix"a:`s`*'o0'l>'q0'o/"h/1*`gx"kw" g$"a:'bz'd%"/`jv'i:1kt'- 7,D7 magnify vt4 qx"d>"2l3"d>" ,People often use a loudspeaker to magnify their voices4 gu1mu1ky'bx16"l3"?'j*"cw1l3"d>"?'c."- h:"j:1o/`b&' a4 boycott vt4 ct1r!1d*`a:"2k|"k81k(" mw` ,Dissatisfied customers made their voices heard when they boycotted the store4 o/"mv`d!ae{'q0"a!`k+"s1d*`a:"a!"kt'dt" cw1q>'iz'- b4 expire vi4 k3"j*12d%"j*1{ou`f*1$1 k3"j|"qu'j:1h3"ey1g&1j:16"o ,Luke's passport has expired and is therefore invalid4 c/"l!"d!ar/"a%"*`ky'k3"j*12?'j:`i:'e{" c!a- ,A #c4 hw"j%'h3"a!"e+'ky'm*"k*'j*"i:12 /"o*"{"h='e41e3`s`d!av'j~1i(`h!1- 7,A7 guideline n4 a=`h!1;ey1d&"kx'cy` {bx16"q/"i/"o ,I think we'll need a new set of guidelines for the staff members to improve their efficiency4 3`e.`k&'e:'a:1~1e|'{"*'f%"e?'d!aey1d&" kx'cy`*`kw`iv"f>'mu1d!ae{"c|"- 7,B7 ornament n4 a_'i:"p?` ,Kate purchased a number of new ornaments for her ,Christmas tree4 lw`f!"$"f>'d!aiz"dv"i/"mw`c!ae|`d3'e?' d!aa_'i:"p?`- 7,C7 stereotype n4 l!"ov`?"e." ,One stereotype about women is that they are more sensitive than men4 d$"n|`ey"d!a*'e."l!"ov`?"e."i:"f>'mu1 o*`nv1ey"kz"$1m?`kv`- 7,D7 ingredient n4 bz1qu"2~1c{" ,Cookies are made from flour1 sugar1 and a few other ingredients4 oy`kv'i:"6"mt"qu`,fx1rv"*'e+'j*1f>'jw1 c{"e3`a:"bz1d!a- h:"j:1o/`b&' a4 make sure to ,V /"o*"/ j8"dy" {h3"o""" ,Make sure to punch out before you leave work4 e)"ov'jt1k*"d!a{"d>`l>`- 99 punch out d>`{e)"ov'o l>` b4 sophisticated a4 ky'm*"q/"h>1d!a ,This machine is very sophisticated4 ,Therefore1 it should only be run by professionals4 a!"fw1k*'j*"ru`ky'm*"- ?'j:`2a:`nz1gx" a}'+"gu1i:"cw1j%'h3"- ,A #d4 bz1nt1k$'|1nz1hw"rw`c*`i/"nt1 a:'r("s1r$1f>'mu1d!ab/'iz'd*"qv1a:12a!" au'i:"ky'gu1- 7,A7 reproduce vi4 qv1a:1 ,Most plants reproduce in the spring4 d>"d3'i/"a:1/"hw"b='k*"qv1a:1- 7,B7 navigate vi4 a:`?`qx'e.";rx1ey1 ,I'll drive while you look at the map and navigate4 3`lw'b!'2n*`lv"d*"f/1a:`?`qx'e."- 7,C7 campaign vi4 j&1i:"r31d&"2q>'j*` 4"d&" campaign for/ against''' q>'j*`a:'b:1/ qv`d$""""d!ar31d&" ,That group is campaigning for better salaries and fewer working hours4 kw'f}1f*`q>'j*`r31d&"*`az'j|`kz"r%`d!a e?'h:'k*1k{"i%`d!ak&'i:1- 7,D7 surrender vi4 f(1e.1 ,Those soldiers laid down their weapons and surrendered4 n>"e+'i:"oy'j*"e+"f(1e.1c!a- h:"j:1o/`b&' a4 salmon n4 k$'|1{dv'q/"i/"f&1ey1o b4 be able to ,V s`nz1c*"{h3"o""" .k be capable of ,V-ing ,Neither ,Jay nor ,Mia is able to handle this problem4 >'k+1rv"m*`)"d('/1q>`b/`c*`a!"k!"=" f*1- c4 birthplace n4 b/'iz'd*" ,D #e4 a!"bx`r/"7"t`bx"r$"d!av'kt`k*1 j*1t1m*";k?`k}`g/1j:`2gz1s`e+'gu1i!"q>` hw"m01mw`p{"d!ajy1l_"e)"f('cs'k?"j|"- 7,A7 instead adv4 qv`:12j8" ,As a student1 ,David doesn't study hard4 ,Instead1 he plays around all day4 iu'$1e81iz'2d>"$"m01s`6"k&'d/1i/'- f>' qv`:1az`ft'd%"b/"k$`r="- 7,B7 furthermore adv4 j:`7" ,This house is beautiful4 ,Furthermore1 it's in a great location4 a!"d&"qx1h:am0`c=1m0`r}"- hw"a!`2f>' d!ad*"dt`ru`r%`- 7,C7 altogether adv4 j~1o/"d*"2}1j~1 d*" ,That popular restaurant not only changed its name but also updated its menu altogether4 n>"kt'gu1j*"jv'fy'o/"dv"r}"c!adt"my12 ct1jw"dv'+`az`k!"kz'e?'c!a- 7,D7 nonetheless adv4 k?`k}`g/1j:` f&133 nevertheless adv4 ,Sam was exhausted4 ,Nonetheless1 he finished the marathon4 iv'm/`k?'p*1c*"k?"- k?`k}`g/1j:`2f>' rw1i:"p%`}1c!am>`c>'e&'- h:"j:1o/`b&' a4 tight a4 t1k!1d!a b4 manage to ,V i!"q>`h3"d%"""" ,John couldn't manage to save money even though he had a high income4 k?`k}`e?'i$`ru`k%'28'rv"rw1i:"j=1o/" c!ajt1- c4 sneak in/ out f('f('cs'k?"/ cs'b/' ,B #f4 q0"('n>"hw"k317"d/1i/'d!ae:"nt1 d$"f>':1t1i:1qu'au'k$"2?'$"f>'e81d%"oy" f*`t"e|`d3'e?'d!ai:"/"- 7,A7 dreadful a4 l!`p>"d!a;h%'f("d!a ,The dreadful explosion in the lab killed the scientists on the spot4 n>"kt'i:1t"i:"l!`p>"d!ao%"a>"i:"kt"i:` d!ac*`f(1d!al!'e81k)'dx"bx`ex"iz'- 7,B7 priceless a4 k$"a&"d!a2/1k)"d!a ,Hank's knowledge and experience make him a priceless asset to our company4 rv"l!"d!aa:'i:"rv"ky't"i:`f>'bz1$13` mu1k&'e:'d!aa&"{"h:'bv`- 7,C7 forgetful a4 kt"_"d!a ,Ben often has to rely on notes because he is rather forgetful4 >'ov'i:1bx1d0`*'cw"o*`k*"2?'$"f>'e.' dx'kt"_"- 7,D7 reckless a4 c/`mx`d!a ,That reckless driver has already been arrested by the police4 n>"my1c/`mx`d!ak)"i:`*`h%'ky`qx'dw" o/`- ,D #g4 o/"{"b&'d&"ey1i:"2q(`h!1n*`l!` nz1r$"r("r$`a&'iz'- 7,A7 admission n4 g/"bx`q0" 7.k an admission fee7 ,How much does the amusement park charge for admission8 a!"k)'s1c!"~1d!ag/"bx`q0"{"d3'i%`jt1o 7,B7 objection n4 qv`d$" raise objections to sth d$"m(`i:"/"f*1 b/'qv`d$" ,A couple of people raised objections to the proposal4 s`*'e+'gu1qv`d$"a!"k!"f*1v"- 7,C7 essence n4 ou`a:1;ky'e$` in essence k*'ou`ix";ou`a:1ix" ,This monument is1 in essence1 a tribute to the people who died during the war4 a!"h3"k*"nt"o0'k*'ou`ix"i:"{"e."hw"n>" bx`av"az'a&'ex"iz'd!agu1a:"ky"- 7,D7 impulse n4 b&'d&";*'i:1d!ant"f(1 on impulse b&'d&"d*" ,Betty decreased her spending by not buying anything on impulse4 o0"d*"k+"s1o/"b&'d&"k("/"cw1kt`i%`lw' e{'- h:"j:1o/`b&' a4 ,S+ ,V1 or else ,S+ ,V """2q(`h!1/ o/"gv1""" ,A factory should be highly productive1 or else it will soon close4 *'kt'k&'bx`o*"e|'{"s`ru`k%'d!aiz'bv` c*"2q(`h!1ru`l7"ks"r$"k}'mu1d>"k*1- b4 regret vt4 r("r$`;o%"jt"2*1rv" regret ,N/ ,V-ing r("r$`""" regret to ,V o%"jt"/ *1rv"{"""" ,Greg ended his relationship with ,Clare abruptly and regretted it afterwards4 k!`g$"k!1h("gv1k+1i/"|`l!"cw1:1d!ak}' e*"2dv"a:'r("ks"r("r$`c!a- ,Eddie regretted telling ,Rita his secret because she ended up telling it to everyone4 w"d*1r("r$`ku'g$"f>`i3'f>'d!am*"m*"2?' $"f>'h$"r("k.`k0`m0`k!"gu1fy'- ,I regret to inform you that your son was killed in the line of duty4 ru`*1rv"o*"e|'f&'a:'n?1cy"cx1?'k&'e4" a:1c!a- 99 in the line of duty hw"k&'h3"/ a:1 j?1i:1 ,C #h4 c%`i:'{"3`mu1h:`e*"d/1a!"e+'k|" h:a2oy"i:"a!ahw"o/"b>1h:"dt`d!ajy1l_"e)" c*`k+`f>'mu1d!a*"e:'- 7,A7 underline vt4 f/1et`;hw""""e)"mt" r9"et" ,The increasing crime rate underlines the need for stricter law enforcement4 g:"*"pv'iz'd!aqv"h$"c|"f/1et`c!akz"t1 k!1a:1q>`d!ae|'js1- 7,B7 substitute vt4 j|`dw"2f*"r}" substitute ,A for ,B 6" ,A j|`dw"/ dw" f*" ,B ,Can ,I substitute onion rings for fries1 please8 3`nz1o>`i/`f{1r}"bz1.1j&'j~'m>ao 7,C7 comprehend vt4 c*`k+` ,This concept is too difficult for children to comprehend4 a!"k!"kw"nt"d$"e{`rw1h:acw1i3'fw"nv1 c*`k+`c!a- 7,D7 overwhelm vt4 i:`a%'k)"o/"a/"2)' d%` ,Many high school seniors are overwhelmed by pressure and high expectations from their parents4 e|`d3'k%'ev'e81iz'o0")'c*"rv"k)'ax`d!a k%'d/"j*1_")'d!ab}`o/"k3"j*"- h:"j:1o/`b&' read over'''/ read''' over j&1f(1d%"$`e*"d/1""" ,It is in your best interest to read over the contract before signing it4 n*`h$"r%`{"o>`r!18'h:`e*"lv"k3"*'ot" hw"jt'my1- ,A #i4 hw"i3'my1*'k!"b('e."kw"nt"i:12 s`i:16"k|"f*`d!ai:"/"cw1o*`|"r$"o*`k{" g&1*"- 7,A7 abstract a4 b('e."d!a qv`33 concrete a4 k|"f*`d!a ,I was able to grasp the artist's meaning1 although his work was abstract4 e$'gv1a!"$"*"i/"k)'d!ah3"p?`ru`b('e."2 dv"3`nz1c*`k+`f>'e.`b}1d>1d!a*"nt"- 7,B7 allergic a4 k3"m?`d!a be allergic to''' d$""""k3"m?` ,My sister is allergic to peanuts4 3`k+`k+`d$"r9'iz'k3"m?`- 7,C7 exterior a4 7"o/"d!a qv`33 interior a4 n0"o/"d!a ,The exterior walls of this church are painted blue4 a!"h3"k{"fx1d!a7"j.1o0"j*'bz1cv1e!"- 7,D7 eventual a4 h$"r("d!a2a&'ks"d!a ,I have confidence in our team's eventual victory4 3`s`e?"e?'3`mu1d!ad$"/`r$"y1d!1h$"r(" d!aiz"c*"- h:"j:1o/`b&' a4 illustrate vt4 i3'my12bv`my1 ,Nancy illustrated the many uses of the new software in the meeting4 nv1e*'hw"r$"*"a&'e."3`mu1i3'my1a!"f%" e?'g}`f*`d!ae|`d3'6"f/1- b4 concept n4 kw"nt" c4 compare ,A to ,B k.' ,A o*`n*`$1 ,B ,The poet compared the stars to diamonds4 a!"my1i:'gu1k.'ey'ey'o*`|"bz1h}"i:1- ,B #aj4 jy"a/"g/1k31jy"g:"r3"l9"nt1dz` f!"i/'bx`r!1i:12ky'bx1r$"i:'qx"t'r3`- 7,A7 fulfillment n4 }1bz1;i:1et" ,We should give ,Kent credit for the fulfillment of the mission4 3`mu1y'o>`a!"j:"gu"/"d!a}1bz1k$'k&'|1 lu`f!"- 7,B7 celebration n4 jy"a/" in celebration of''' jy"a/"""" ,My father bought me a brand-new bike in celebration of my birthday4 3`o>"mw`c!a*'o/"j~1e?'d!adv'b!'k0`3`*` jy"a/"3`d!aiz'g:"- 7,C7 resentment n4 ~"ru";o/"mv` ,Andy harbors a deep resentment against his parents for his miserable childhood4 v'd*1?'$"h:"k*`d!ao0'jv`f&1nt1:1d$"q/" m/`e?'r71j.1c+"~"ru"- 7,D7 proportion n4 o*`c*" in proportion to''' |`"""bz1o*`c*" ,This chart shows how weight increases in proportion to height4 a!"ax'f/1o{`et`i:"f*`a&"hz'k)'a:1rv" iu'k%'bz1az"o*`- h:"j:1o/`b&' set off'''/ set''' off i:'qx""""; i:`"""o%"a>" ,A terrorist set off a bomb at the train station4 *'my1l&`o/"qu"h:`hw"n>"h3"r3`b!'av"c*` ?`o%"a>"dv"- gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg #a/#b 8"d/1j!"t" ,The ,Hermitage ,Cats of ,St4 ,Petersburg o<1/"k}`e41m%'h&' 8i:`*"d&"j:1 have0 d!a6"q>` by ,Bruce ,E4 ,Bagnell ,The ,State ,Hermitage ,Museum in ,St4 ,Petersburg1 ,Russia1 is the second- largest art museum in the world after the ,Louvre in ,Paris1 ,France4 ,Both museums house some of the greatest artwork of all time1 and both are visited by millions of people annually4 ,One unusual difference between them1 though1 is that the ,Hermitage holds not only artistic treasures but a collection of living history as well4 ,The ,Hermitage was built in the mid- #ahth century as part of the royal ,Russian family's ,Winter ,Palace complex4 ,Empress ,Elizabeth had cats brought in to rid the several palace buildings of mice and rats4 ,The cats did their job well and were given homes in the basements of the buildings and the title of ,Hermitage cats4 ,The #gd ,Hermitage cats that live at the museum now are among the most pampered cats in the world1 and that is saying a great deal4 ,A press secretary is in charge of the feline brood1 with three full-time volunteer caretakers attending to the cats' every need4 ,There are even kitchens for preparing meals for the cats because they all have different preferences4 ,The cats can roam around outside or lounge around the sunlit courtyards during the summer4 ,Since generations of cats have lived at the ,Hermitage1 there is even a cat graveyard4 ,This may all seem over the top1 but ,Russian and foreign visitors alike love seeing the ,Hermitage cats while admiring some of the world's greatest artistic treasures within the majestic royal architecture of the ,State ,Hermitage ,Museum itself4 ,Thanks to ,Empress ,Elizabeth1 the ,Hermitage cats have a lasting legacy of their own4 #a4 ,How did cats begin to inhabit the buildings of the ,Russian royal family's ,Winter ,Palace8 7,A7 ,The cats were borrowed from the ,Louvre ,Museum in ,Paris4 7,B7 ,The ,French royal family gave the ,Russian royal family a gift of cats4 7,C7 ,A ,Russian royal ordered that cats be brought into the ,Winter ,Palace4 7,D7 ,Artists and visitors to the ,Hermitage ,Museum donated the cats4 #b4 ,According to the passage1 which of the following statements is true8 7,A7 ,The ,Hermitage ,Museum was built after the ,Louvre ,Museum4 7,B7 ,The ,Louvre ,Museum was built after the ,Hermitage ,Museum4 7,C7 ,The ,Hermitage ,Museum is larger than the ,Louvre ,Museum4 7,D7 ,The ,Louvre ,Museum is larger than the ,Hermitage ,Museum4 #c4 ,Why is the phrase 8that is saying a great deal0 used in the third paragraph8 7,A7 ,To emphasize how pampered the ,Hermitage cats are4 7,B7 ,To point out that cats are a popular pet4 7,C7 ,To let readers know more information about cats4 7,D7 ,To advise readers not to pamper their pet cats4 #d4 ,What is mentioned about the architecture of the ,Winter ,Palace8 7,A7 ,It has a few buildings in it4 7,B7 ,It needs to be restored to its original beauty4 7,C7 ,It uses a style that is popular all over ,Russia4 7,D7 ,It was designed especially for cats4 33333333333333333333 $"|1!"c31e:'iz"o*`d!1o%`d!aw"m*`f>`k*1 o<1/"k}`i:"i:"ix"d*":"d>"d!a*"i/"o<1/" k}`2k?`j:"|1q>"k31o>'c*1d!ac31q/1k&'- a!"c.`h3"o<1/"k}`d('i('jx1c!a*'e+'s`i:` *`cw1h$"$`d>"d!a*"i/"h3"p?`2j+`m0`nt1d(' s`i/"ow`}"gu1jt1cw1jv'k}'- o/"k3"2f>'mu1 a:'kt's`k!"f!"o+1d!ao/"f&1a:'b/"33w"m*` f>`k*1o<1/"k}`o/"a:`i('jx1*"i/"au'o%`2 f>'rw1i('jx1c!ar31iz'iz'd!ac*"i:`- w"m*`f>`k*1o<1/"k}`kt"|1i:1o>'i:"k*" a&'2i:"!"k31r_1i:"d&'k&'kt"a/1j41d!a*' o/"qu"- *'c*"i>'ow1n|`r_1e)"cy"{"?`k?" m%'*`j|'kv`i/"h3"k&'dt"kt"a/1c*`d!ac%` i/`- a!"e+'m%'q0'bx1k?"h!12f>'mu1o0"v' a:"hw"kt"a/1/"d*"e)"i:"d!ak)'2oy"o0"i(" |`w"m*`f>`k*1m%'d!af(1et1- m/"jt1a/"hw"o<1/"k}`c*`d!aj*'i:1e:"a:' w"m*`f>`k*1m%'i:"i:"k+"ix"h$"i("b&`w"d!a m%'2:1a!"i3'my1c!a*'j+"- *'$"e?'=1m*"i/' q/"h!1a%"k/"s"m%'2rw1s`ev'my1j~1a:1a:" k&'a%"r/"a!`cw1b/`c*`m%'m*'d!ak!"e."e|' js1- iu"a:"rw1s`$"a!"e+'m%'a=`o0"jv'dt` d!ab/1qx12?'$"f>'mu1k!"s`o/"f&1pt'r%"- a!"e+'m%'l!`*`hw"7"s1dx"2r3"i:"hw"e)"k*" i:1s'et1d*"fx`hw"s`.1k_'a%"i!"d!afy1~" c*`- s1|1s`i/"k!"i:"dw"d!am%'d('jz1a/" hw"w"m*`f>`k*1o<1/"k}`2n>"c*`iu"a:"rw1s` k!"m%'m/"~1- a!"r3"e|`lv"e:"s`dt`k3"f(12dv"!"c31e:' rv"7"k31qx`l!"d('w"hw"a!"h3"k|"s`e61$` r_1i:"kt"a/1qz'k!1d!aw"m*`f>`k*1o<1/"k}` c*`e?'ix`*'e+'i:"k+"h$"$`d>"*"i/"au'p?` d!af&1i:12+`cw1fv"i:"a!"e+'w"m*`f>`k*1 m%'- d3'l$'c!a*'c*"i>'ow1n|`r_12a!"e+'w" m*`f>`k*1m%'cs1e)"c!ai/`|1h:"k*`d!a6`rz1 *1bv`- #a4 m%'m*'i:"g/1r!1lw'i:`a/"hw"!"k31 r_1i:"d!ad&'k&'o 7,A7 a!"e+'m%'i:"j&1o>'c*1c31q/1k&'k+" cw1d!a- 7,B7 q>"k31r_1i:"k)'h/1k.'a!"e+'m%'h3" $1c*`/"hz"|`!"c31e:'r_1i:"k)'h/1- 7,C7 *'my1!"k31r_1i:"bz1~1e)"cy"k.'a!" e+'m%'dw"k?"d&'k&'- 7,D7 cw1jv'qx`w"m*`f>`k*1o<1/"k}`d!a*" i/"k)'rv"qx`l!"k~'hz"c!aa!"e+'m%'- #b4 ku'k|"ou`=12e)"c+"e|"i/"r!1a!`az" j8"o 7,A7 w"m*`f>`k*1o<1/"k}`kt"|1c31q/1k&' a:'r("- 7,B7 c31q/1k&'kt"|1w"m*`f>`k*1o<1/"k}` a:'r("- 7,C7 w"m*`f>`k*1o<1/"k}`o*`c31q/1k&' rw1d>"- 7,D7 c31q/1k&'o*`w"m*`f>`k*1o<1/"k}` rw1d>"- #c4 $"r!1d*"ev'd}"{"i:`6"pt"|` 8that is saying a great deal08 7,A7 j.1d{"w"m*`f>`k*1m%'s`d3'i("b&` w"- 7,B7 a:`b/'m%'m*'i:"i("r}'y1d!ab&`/"- 7,C7 gx"d/1a!`a:'d%"kz"d3's`k}'m%'d!a h:'e4"- 7,D7 kt"*"d/1a!`o/"{"b&`n*"f>'mu1d!a b&`/"m%'- #d4 s`k}'d&'k&'d!akt"a/12ou`=1f*1k*1 c!an>`*'dt`o 7,A7 c*`f(1s`i/"d&"kt"a/1/"- 7,B7 f>'e|'{"az`es'*`r$1q/"~1ou`d!am0` c*"- 7,C7 f>'i:`6"c!ahw"j~1!"c31e:'k_`i(" r}'y1d!aqz'k!1- 7,D7 f>'i:"a}'$"m%'m*':1i!"k*"d!a- d>1v"33 #a4 ,C #b4 ,D #c4 ,A #d4 ,A 33333333333333333333 8,Words in ,Use0 #a4 artistic a4 *"i/"d!a ,Both of the sisters are very artistic1 though they are completely opposite in style4 a!"d$"k+`m0"d('ru`s`*"i/"ft'qu"2dv"f>' mu1d!aqz'k!1k+1gv1o/"f&1- #b4 complex n4 h&"r!1i!"i:' & a4 q/" h>1d!a ,This shopping complex consists of a department store and two big malls4 a!"k!"k("/"j|'s`*'k)'ow`r3"k&'e:'k*1 c.`k!"d>"mw"bx`- ,The mathematician invented a complex number system4 n>"$"i/"e81k)'q>'my1c!a*'f%"q/"h>1d!a i/"h:"e*"f&`- #c4 rid vt4 i:`ow`f3'{ev'fw"f&1ey1o rid ,A of ,B i:` ,A ow`f3' ,B get rid of''' ow`f3'/ k+"b/1"""{j:`6" q>`a&'2 rid $1k3"j|"qu'j:1o ,John finally rid himself of that old car and bought a new one4 8'rv"a&'|1i7`d{"f>'n>"c."ks"b!':1mw` c!ao/"e?'d!a- ,You have to get rid of that attitude or you'll lose all your friends4 n*`d0`kw`d{"n>"a&`fw"d/"2q(`h!1n*`r$" i:'j|"e3`s`pz1s`- #d4 pamper vt4 b&`n*"{ou`=1$1k3"j|"qu' j:1h3"ey1g&1j:16"o ,My dad pampers my mom by massaging her feet every evening4 3`o>"ru`b&`3`m>'2f>'m0`}`d('ox'f>'v" m<1f$`o/"- #e4 preference n4 pt'r%" have a preference for''' d$""""s`pt' r%" ,Many of my friends enjoy dancing1 but ,I have a preference for singing4 3`s`e|`d3'pz1s`e*`r}'f{"/`2dv"3`pt'r%" bx"k!'- #f4 roam vi4 mv"o/";mv"s1 ,Sarah roamed around the bookstore while waiting for her friend4 i>'c>'dz`pz1s`i:1hw"i/'dt"c*`et1r_"- #g4 lounge vi4 {cv`.1.1d*"o fx`;et1r_" ,On ,Sundays1 ,Jean loves to lounge around the house all day4 m0`k!"ey'j*1g:"2e{`j?1e*`r}'az`ft'hw" /'n0"r_"cw1r_"j|"- #h4 majestic a4 e61$`d!a;$'t1d!a ,We stood in awe before the majestic ,Westminster ,Abbey4 3`mu1e?'r71ky"$"d*"av"hw"e61$`d!ae*' m?`e:"jt1- #i4 legacy n4 *1bv`;cs1k0`r("dw"d!ad&' e*a ,Jonathan ,Swift left behind a legacy of #ahth-century political and religious literature4 j{1n>"eu'-e:'$'q/'f!"cs1k0`r("gu1i:1 o>'i:"k*"d!aaz"a:"rv"h&'k{"=1e81- #aj4 emphasize vt4 j.1d{";a&"i:" ,Doctors constantly emphasize the importance of a balanced diet4 *'iz'o/"d}"j.1d{"k4'rz1?`i:1d!aa&"{" ey"- #aa4 restore vt4 b&1kt"2r$'q/" ,This area needs to be restored after being destroyed by the typhoon4 a!"k!"d*"j|'hw"i("d%"fw1qz'j$'r$`r(" k*1e|'b&1kt"- inhabit vt4 k|'a/"|1 ,No living creature can inhabit that wasteland4 m01s`iz'/"nz1k|'a/"hw"n>"pt"r_'~1ix"- ---------------------------------------- *`e)"k+"i%"j*1f>'o{`;-k|'a/"-2 d!ah:" j:133 a4 populate vt4 k|'a/"|1 ,Around six billion people populate this planet4 8's`cs"i:1*"gu1l(`k|'a/"hw"a!"k!"ey' js1ix"- b4 reside vi4 k|'a/" ,The eagle resides in the mountains where humans rarely visit4 c%`y'j*'e*1|1gu1t'e*'i%`d!aiv'ix"- c4 dwell vi4 k|'a/" ,Several thousand people dwell in that small town4 s`r%`k*`jt'gu1k|'a/"hw"n>"h3"e{`au" c*`- d4 live vi4 k|'a/" ,Roy had numerous bitter experiences when he lived in that area4 c31*'a/"hw"n>"k!"d*"j|'i:1s`e|`d3'jv` f&"d!aky't"- *`e)"k+"i%"o{`;-*1k|';jt'e*`-2 d!ah:" j:133 a4 immigrate vi4 {j&17"o *1g/" ,Mr4 ,Chen immigrated to the ,,US with his family in #aige and now runs a successful chain of restaurants4 bu1et'iz'hw" #aige nt1rv"k)'gu1*1m?1 d%"m0`k312g/1k?'ky'y1a!a*'k)'e.'dx'bz1 k&'d!act1e3`jv'k}`- b4 emigrate vi4 {_`7"o *1k|' ,If the situation doesn't improve in this country1 ,I'll think about emigrating to ,New ,Zealand4 k)`g/1a!"k!"k31k)'d!ajy1ey1hw"o/"kw` iv"d!ar9"23`r$"l%`c|"*1m?1d%"ns`e*'cv1- c4 migrate vi4 jt'e*` ,When do the birds in this area begin to migrate8 a!"d*"j|'d!an{`r!1i:1r$"lw'i:`jt'e*`o 33333333333333333333 8,Grammar ,Tips0 ,Empress ,Elizabeth had cats brought in to rid the several palace buildings of mice and rats4 i:`*"d&"j:1 have d!a6"q>` 99 have dx'i:`*"d&"j:1i:12s`e)"c+"ev' a&`k|"ey133 a4 have+ i("j:1+ k3"j|"qu'j:1 .k get+ i("j:1+ k3"j|"qu'j:1 o>`"""{o0"o"""{f&'bx1a:`jy`f>'gu1dw" c%1o ,I had my computer fixed4 3`jy`gu1o>`3`d!adt"n%`es'c*`r%`c!a- b4 have+ i("j:1{f&'bx1$1gu1o+ ~1ey1d&" j:1 .k make+ i("j:1+ ~1ey1d&"j:1 .k get+ i("j:1+ to+ ~1ey1d&"j:1 k{"{m(`gu1o h3"""" ,I will have ,David wash my car4 3`r$"k{"d>"$"j|"e*`3`d!ab!'- c4 have+ i("j:1+ ,V-ing i:`/ gx""""*'a:1{h3"o"""{j.1d{"d&" h3"h:"gv1q>'iz'r3"b:1e|"k?"ey1o ,I don't like to have ,Ian standing over there watching us4 3`o/"e*`r}'*'u'*'a:1av"hw"n>"c*`lv"a!a 3`mu1- ---------------------------------------- ky'e~`i:"f*1 ,Jenny had her husband ---- some errands for her4 7,A7 be run 7,B7 run 7,C7 to run 7,D7 ran d>1v"33 ,B 33333333333333333333 8,Words for ,reference0 ? hermitage n4 ?`k|'b/" ? artwork n4 *"i/"p?` ? treasure n4 o%`hx" ? empress n4 n|`r_1;r_1r(" ? basement n4 d*"e)"i:" ? feline n4 m%'l!'d&"/" & a4 m%'l!' d!a ? brood n4 *'3's"hw` ? sunlit a4 fw".1a%"i!"d!a ? graveyard n4 m/"d*" ? architecture n4 kt"a/1qz'k!1 33333333333333333333 8,Practical ,Phrases0 #a4 a collection of''' """d!ai('jx1 ,Bill showed us a very fine collection of old coins4 o*`:`e."3`mu1av`i:"c!aq0'bx1au'k$"d!a k/`y"o*"i('jx1- #b4 be in charge of''' q/"h!1/ ax` k}`""" .k take charge of''' ,Ed will be in charge of the new project4 w"d!1k.'q/"h!1a!"e."e?'a}'v"- #c4 attend to sb/ sth b/`c*`m(`i:"/ a%"k/"m(`gu1 ,Doctor ,Li is busy attending to her patients4 c*`*'i:'az"mx1a!aa%"k/"f>'d!aoy"r}"- #d4 be over the top k3"d/"2k3"f(1 ,I thought ,Molly saying she was born to be a model was over the top4 3`k81d!am<"c*"i3'f>'ft'iz'ks"i:"b:'m<1 f!":1a!"rx1qv"d!ai:1hw"i:"fw"l9'ax'c!a- #e4 ''' of one's own i/`|1h:"k*`d!a""" ,Believe it or not1 that guy has a plane of his own4 e?"o/"e?"s1n*`2n>"k)'r3`s`*'k)"e:'gu1 q0'k*'- gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg #a/#c qv'*" jy`k.'*`e)"c.`k!"f*1h/`d!aa&'=1k|"h:a *"bz1az"j8",f&'i=",d>1*"d!ay'=1- ,A f*1h/` #a4 m0`k!"=1r9"d('s`h:"k*`d!a*'f%"jv' a3'c*`*1k$'h!12g:"ou`+`o/"c*"7"- #b4 c*"g/12hw"g:"ou`b:'mt"i:1q>'b/'iz' ?'jw1i:"o{`i:"d$"b/1i:'d!ah='ky"- #a4 d*"*'f*1l!`*"$133 ,Every culture has its own set of table manners1 and ,Japan is no exception4 qv'*"{"dt` a4 culture n4 =1r9" b4 set n4 *'h/` c4 table manners jv'a3'c*`*1 manners n4 c*`*12c*`m%"{rz16"q/"i/"o ,You should watch your table manners when you are eating in public4 hw"k&'k&"bx1e3`b:'d&'e*'i:12n*`y'kw'{" a/"*"n*`d!a6"jv'c*`*1- d4 be no exception o/"c*"7" with the exception of''' b/1c!a"""a:' 7" exception n4 c*"7"2b/17" ,Most of the pictures ,Sally took are landscapes1 and the ones in this album are no exception4 i>'c*"pw'd!aa%"pt"d>"o/"qu"i:"qz'ky` a%"2a!"ou`e.'o/"c*`d!aa%"pt"+`o/"c*"7"- ,With the exception of his bad temper1 ,John is quite a nice person4 8'rv"b/1c!ap*1j*"r7"a:'7"2$1gu1d%"i:" fy`o/"j3"d!a- e4 k_`o<"c%`i:'d!ai:"qv"*"k|"33 ,Every culture has its own rules for table etiquette1 and ,Japan is no exception4 ,Every culture has its own particular set of table manners1 and ,Japan is no exception4 #b4 d*":"f*1l!`*"$133 ,For instance1 making a slurping sound when eating noodles in ,Japan shows respect for the chef4 qv'*"{"dt` a4 ,For instance1 ,S+ ,V c*"g/12""" .k ,For example1 ,S+ ,V ,Larry is a very versatile musician4 ,For instance1 he plays six different instruments4 cw"g$"i:"k!"ru`s`jw1r91d!a?'8"k)'- k|` c*"cw1i3'2f>'r$"t`h("cs"a&`o/"f&1d!a8" j*"- b4 ;-hw"g:"ou`b:'mt"i:1q>'b/'iz'?'jw1 i:"o{`i:"d$"b/1i:'d!ah='ky"-2 l!`*"$1 8making a slurping sound when eating noodles in ,Japan shows respect for the chef04 a/"*" d&"j:1o/"l!`a:1k+'h3"k|"a&'d!aa/`j:12 *'dy"{"ot"bz1d&"my1j:1 7,V-ing7 r3"o/" dy"j:1pt"|` 7to+ ~1ey1d&"j:17 r("jw1nz1 h3"a/`j:12:1j+`d&"my1j:1{pt"|`o r3"o/" dy"j:1{pt"|`o k4'i:"$1dv'i/"2a:'r("k+' dv'i/"d&"j:1- 6"d&"my1j:1h3"a/`j:1i:12 f&'bx1o{`i:"*'a&`ky't"r3"*`a:'d!ai:"i:12 6"o/"dy"j:1h3"a/`j:1h!1o{`i:"*'a&`m/" d*",k*"r9"r3"dw"}1bz1d!ai:"- ou`k|"d!a a/`j:1$1;-hw"g:"ou`b:'mt"i:1q>'b/'iz' ?'-22i:"*'k!"i:"i:12?'j:`6"d&"my1j:1pt" |` 8making a slurping sound when eating noodles in ,Japan0 h3"ou`k|"d!aa/`j:1- ,Exercising on a regular basis does your mind and body good4 k$'c|"d!a4"d&"d$"n*`iu'e?'d('s`*"b/"- ,To buy a house for my parents is one of my goals4 mw`*'d&"qx1h:ak0`3`o>"m>'a/"i:"3`d!a m/"o{'a:'*'- c4 slurp vt4 & vi4 d>"iz'd*"b:'r3"r!' {ou`=1$1et"hw"qu'j:1h3"ey1g&1j:16"o d4 show respect for sb d$"m(`gu1o{`i:" ky"*"/ h='a&" ,No matter who you are1 you should always show respect for others4 o/"c="n*`i:"i012n*`d('y'kw'i:1i:1h=' a&"o+1gu1- e4 chef n4 a/`b/1;b/1i:' f4 k_`o<"c%`i:'d!ai:"qv"*"k|"33 ,For example1 in ,Japan1 slurping your noodles in fact expresses respect for the chef4 ,For example1 slurping while eating noodles is an expression of appreciation to the cook4 ,B f*1h/` #a4 d>"d3'i/"gu1d/"k)"r$1cw1i:1d('r$" e&"k*"nt"p?`k0`j?'s`- #b4 a!"e+'c*`/"o/"*'dy"x1k$"2j8"h/1*` o{`d>1jy1kv`d!act1e*"- #a4 d*"*'f*1l!`*"$133 ,Most people give relatives and friends souvenirs when they return from vacation4 qv'*"{"dt` a4 relative n4 j?'j*'2k)'i/` b4 souvenir n4 k*"nt"p?` ,Anita brought back some souvenirs for us from her trip to ,Paris4 w"n*1f>`j&1o>'c*1c|`ey1r$1cw1r("2dw" c!a*'e+'k*"nt"p?`k0`3`mu1- c4 k_`o<"c%`i:'d!ai:"qv"*"k|"33 ,Most people bring back souvenirs for their friends and relatives when they go on a vacation4 ,Most people1 when they go on a trip1 will bring back souvenirs for their family and friends4 #b4 d*":"f*1l!`*"$133 ,These gifts are not necessarily expensive1 but they do express an emotional connection4 qv'*"{"dt` a4 not necessarily''' o/"*'dy"/ $" o*""""{j:`$1o/"qu"q(`dy"d!a6"q>`o ,Food that tastes delicious is not necessarily good for you4 r%`b:'d!ai:1/"$"o*"d$"n*`s`*"- a/"*" *`e)"$1bx1kt"d!ao/"qu"q(`dy"6"q>`33 not always''' {$"o*"h&`i:""""o2 not completely/ entirely''' {oy"q0'}1j~1 d*""""o2 not exactly''' {oy"q0'j~1gv1 d*"/ j)"r%`d*""""o2 not quite''' {oy"q0' i:1qu'd*""""o2 ,Charlotte is not always very sensible4 e)"c3"f!"oy"q0'h&`i:"ru`c*`a:"- ,Actually1 it was not entirely ,Charlie's fault that the project wasn't finished4 i:"i:1ix"2kw'k*"r9"$"o0"}1bz1o/"j~1i:" b>1c*`d!aj3"- b4 express vt4 o{`d>1 ,I'd like to express my gratitude for your help4 3`e.`d$"n*`d!ae+1a/"o{`d>1kv`k*'- c4 emotional a4 kv`jy1ix"d!a d4 connection n4 ct1k+1;k}'e*" ,The studies showed a connection between red meat and depression4 t1ks"et`i:"b/'r&1g("rv"s'|"az"a:'kt's` k}'ct1- e4 ;-h/1*`o{`d>1jy1kv`d!act1e*"-2 l!` *"$1 8do express an emotional connection04 a/"*" hw"lu`dy"k|"a&'2l!`hw"d&"j:1jt1*'gu1 bz'k*1i:1fw"a:'o/"f&12a:"a/"d&"j:1 do1 does r3" did *`j.1d{"kw'd&"j:12j:`i:1kw' d&"j:1*'c|"6"~1ey12 do1 does1 did h!1o{` ;-d*1j8"2j8"i:1-2 a:'*"- ,I think ,Ben really does love ,Rachel from the bottom of his heart4 3`gu"$1>'ov'j8"i:1d>`j&1e?'d*`w"a!ag$" js'- ,Anderson did clean the bathroom this morning4 v'd!1eu'k?'ft'h%`ix"d*1j8"s`j|"e%`j!" e3`- f4 k_`o<"c%`i:'d!ai:"qv"*"k|"33 ,These gifts are generally not that expensive1 but they do serve to strengthen emotional bonds with the recipient4 ,The gifts are usually not very expensive1 but they serve to reinforce emotional connection with the recipient4 33333333333333333333 &k+"f*1q>'r$'y #a4 3`mu1j~1k)'d('ru`e*`r}'ox"js12:13` +`o/"c*"7"- 7f*1i:"33 exception7 #b4 r!'fw"d3'i$`o/"kt"d!ad$"n*`s`r%` b/"- 7f*1i:"33 necessarily7 jv'l%`*"k|" #a4 ,Everyone in my family likes baseball1 and ,I am no exception4 #b4 ,Drinking too much water is not necessarily good for you4 gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg #a/#d e?'=1k*1k?` ,Ditching ,Halogens for ,L,E,Ds ,In an ,,EU-wide campaign to improve energy efficiency and cut carbon emissions1 halogen light bulbs were banned in ,Europe on ,September #a1 #bjah1 forcing ,European households to switch over to ,,LED lights4 ,Halogens are notorious energy wasters1 whereas ,L,E,Ds are more energy efficient4 ,They cost a lot more but quickly pay for themselves4 ,They consume about five times less energy than halogens1 which saves on economic costs and lowers environmental damage4 ,Halogen bulbs last around two years2 ,L,E,Ds should last #ae-bj years4 ,European ,Commission spokeswoman ,Anna-,Kaisa ,Itkonen said that this move will also 8save #ae.b million tons of ,,CO#b emissions by #bjbe40 ,The switch will ultimately save #aae euros in a lamp's lifetime and pay back its cost in less than a year4 33333333333333333333 ('mz1 #bjah nt1k?"i("c/`e/"dz' kw`6" ,,LED dz'kz"k+1nz1 hw"*'k!"|"f*1iz'nz1~1e{"c|"rv"kt`i%` fv"pw1qx"d!a('mz14"d&"a&'2c/`e/"dz'p%"|1 #bjah nt1ks`8"*'g:"j*`k?"a:`hw"('a('i:` 6"2p<"i:`('a('k)'fy1kw`6" ,,LED dz'- c/` e/"dz'i:"!"my1a%'ax'd!anz1~1cx"q0"cw1~12 ,,LED dz'h!1o*`k{"k+1nz1- f>'mu1d!ak)" k!1k%'ix"e|`d3'2dv"ru`l7"ks"nz1r$1ou`- f>'mu1e{'r%"d!anz1~1o*`c/`e/"dz'i%`8'/` o0"2a!"k+1iz`c!aky'k*"bz1ou`+`k."d*'r}1 ky"p<"r7"- c/`e/"dz'p%"l!`*`i:`6"c.`nt1 h3`s"; ,,LED dz'h!1y'l!`b:1e|"i:1/`a:":" i:1nt1- ('a('ct1mz1$`~1r$"q>'t1gu1v' n>"-lw`e>'-*'f!"l!'nv1o{`i:"2j:`k|`rw1 k.';-hw" #bjbe nt1jt1k+1iz`*'jt'/`ow`:" i:1}"d="d!a:".`r9"fv"pw1qx"c."--2 a!"*' a}`ot"h$"a&'k.'hw"*'k!"dz'p%"d!ai:`6"j*1 et"a&'k+1iz`*'ow`*'i:1/`('~12oy"hw"*'nt1 n0"ks"r$"r$1ou`- 33333333333333333333 8,Words for ,reference0 ? halogen n4 c/`e/"{r9"e81~1e/"o a halogen lamp c/`e/"dz' ? ,,LED q>'k_':"k*1f*`{$1 light- emitting diode d!ae3'e+`o ? carbon n4 fv" ? emission n4 pw1qx"{/"o ? commission n4 $`~1r$" ? euro n4 ('~1 33333333333333333333 8,Practical ,Phrases0 #a4 switch over 7from ,A7 to ,B 7j&1 ,A7 r}"bz1 ,B switch vi4 a}`ot" & vt4 a}`r}"2d{"r}" switch ,A for ,B *` ,A k{'r}"/ r}"j|` ,B ,I used to vote for that party1 but ,I am switching over to the other one this year4 3`*`jt1d('f(1p{"k0`n>"k!"az"dx`2dv"k?' nt1{"a}`f(1k0`cy"*'k!"- ,Tim may switch his sports car for money because he is in debt4 f*1m/`?'$"q/"aw"2?'j:`l!`nz1r$"k.'f>' d!ap%`b!'r}"bz1et"k?'- #b4 pay for itself r$1ou`;i:`e=`*"e.' dx' ,This advertising should pay for itself in one year4 a!"h!1k_`k%"e3`dw"cw1d!ai('*"y'kw'nz1 hw"*'nt1n0"r$1ou`- gggggggggggggggggggg ,Clothing ,Returns ,Hurting ,Online ,Retailers ,According to ,,UK credit card company ,Barclaycard1 one in #aj shoppers admitted to buying clothes to only use on social media4 ,They would return them after snapping a few photos and uploading them to ,Instagram4 ,Their research showed that the #ce-de year-old age group is most likely to do this1 with men being more likely than women to buy clothes for this purpose4 ,The retail industry has long allowed liberal return policies on everything from electronics to furniture1 but e- commerce has changed the rules4 ,The current try-before-you-buy 7,,TBYB7 trend allows online shoppers to order dozens of items to try on1 simply returning those they don't want4 ,Approximately #dj`0 of online businesses saw significant increases in 8intentional returns0 last year4 ,To reduce the practice1 ,Barclaycard advised retailers to show customers many different ways to wear an item of clothing4 33333333333333333333 mw`*'a:`$"pw'a%"l i!"j41m01f*`i:` 6"a!`f$"r3"7'qz' ku'k|"y'k31e?"6"l>`k&'e:'o>'l!"cw1e3` bz'2s`i:1qu'a:'*'d!ak("/"a!`bz1gu"k("mw` *'q/1a:`i:"$"c!ahw"i!"j41m01f*`ix"i:`6"- f>'mu1hw"pw'e)"k*`ax'a%"pt"oy"ix"b}1d%" ,Instagram r("2ot"r$"k.'a!"e+'*'q/1f$" r3"- f>'mu1d!at1ks"et`i:"2ev'i:1/`a:"e:" i:1/`e$"d!ah/1j41h$"s`l!`nz1a!"m!ah3"2 j+`nv1ey"o*`j*`n|`ey"kz"s`l!`nz1?'$"j:` m/"d*":1k("mw`*'q/1- cy1i("+"bx1j*1*`cw1*'a:14`e|`h:"s1f$" r3"d!aaz"j!"2o%'rv1j&1dt"h:`bv`p?`d%"k)' k|"d!a*'j+"bv`p?`2dv"i:"dt"h:`ix'/"kw` ot"c!aa!"e+'k$'h!1- m/"jt1;-et'i:"r(" mw`-2 7*"bz' ,,TBYB7 d!aj|'i:"4`e|`et" ix"k("/"a!`dy"k("i/"i:1a&`ix'p?`cw1i:" 6"2j+`a:`e|'f$"r}1f>'mu1o/"e.`{"d!aix' p?`- j|"nt12d>"8's` #dj`0 d!aet"ix"ix'/" q>'et";-e|"*"f$"r3"-2 i/"c."s`et`a/"d!a hz'k)'- $"c!akt`i%`a!"a&`!"e*12o>'l!"cw1 k&'e:'kt"*"cy1i("ix'e."k/"l!"av`i:"d3' a&`o/"f&1b}'a31*'/"d!aqx'q>`- 33333333333333333333 8,Words in ,Use0 #a4 ditch vt4 ds'j*";p%'j*" ,Amy finally ditched her old school uniform4 w"m*'a&'|1ds'c!af>'d!aks"e81e{"a:"q/1- #b4 campaign n4 4"d&" & vi4 j&1i:"r31 d&"2q>'j*`4"d&" campaign for/ against''' q>'j*`a:'b:1/ qv`d$""""d!ar31d&" ,This election campaign has received extensive media coverage4 a!"bx`e~`k|`r31d&"r3"d!1m01f*`k_`qv" o%"d%`- ,Nina campaigned for human rights at the political rally last ,Saturday4 n*1n>"ix"a('cs"hw"n>"bx`az"a:"k*1r$" ix"d>"c*"k/`b$'gu1j~1- #c4 efficiency n4 e{"c|" ,Our manager was very satisfied with ,Taylor's efficiency4 3`mu1d!aky'c*`ru`mv`*"fw"c!"d!aov"i:" e{"c|"- #d4 ban vt4 k?"a:` ban sb from ,N/ ,V-ing k?"a:`m(`gu1 {h3"o""" ,The storekeeper banned the young troublemaker from entering his store4 dt"a/`k?"a:`n>"my1w"g!`i:"iz'q0'd!ai%" nt1k?"g/"f>'d!adt"c*`- #e4 notorious a4 !"my1a%'ax'd!a be notorious for''' ?'""":1!"my1a%' ax' ,Hank is notorious for his drunken behavior at parties4 rv"l!"?'bx1hw"pw"d$"ix"ks`h$"n%"i:":1 !"my1a%'ax'- #f4 whereas conj4 gv1:1 ,Anthony is in the ,Marines1 whereas ,I am in the ,Coast ,Guard4 v'd&'n*1hw"rw`k4'c/"av"d$"23`h!1c*"i/` rw`v"e41c31d$"- #g4 ultimately adv4 h$"r("d*"2h$"a&' d*" ,Rachel was confident that she would ultimately triumph over adversity4 g$"js's`e?"e?'h$"a&'nz1k("av"iz"n*" ky"- #h4 snap vt4 pw'i!"{a%"pt"o ,During our visit to the ,Eiffel ,Tower1 ,Lucy snapped over #ajj pictures4 3`mu1j|"jv'k}'w"q0':`f+`f>`i:12c/"e*' mz`pw'c!a*'ow`d3'ax'e."pt"- #i4 liberal a4 h:"s1d!a;lw'qx"d!a ,Dora has a liberal view on most social issues4 d3`c>'d$"d>"d3'i/"d!ai!"r$"="f*1o%"b:1 h:"s1lw'qx"d!alv"q>`- #aj4 approximately adv4 d>"8' .k roughly adv4 ,Darren makes approximately ,,NT 4#bj1jjj per month4 d>1c=1*'k!"8"d>"8'a}"e?'fw1o*"c.`}"~1- #aa4 significant a4 et`a/"d!a;a&"{"d!a ,Kevin has made significant progress in his studies this semester4 lw`=1a!"e81j*1hw"l!"+"ix"s`et`a/"d!a k?"o/"- 33333333333333333333 8,more to ,learn0 cost vt4 r9'q0";k)"jt1$1{ev'fw"f&1ey1o sth costs sb+ k?'jt1 m(`/"r9'c!am(` gu1"""{k?'jt1o ,It costs sb+ k?'jt1+ to ,V m(`gu1r9'c!a"""{k?'jt1o h3"m(`i:" ,This new dress cost ,Debby ,,NT 4#e1jjj4 a!"kt"e?'.1a_'r9'c!adw"o*`e?'fw1o*"/` jt'~1- ,It costs ,Vic's parents ,,US 4#bj1jjj a year to send him to college in ,America4 $1l!"d!aq/"m/`m0`nt1r9'c.`}"m0`k?'e&" f>'d%"m0`k31nt"d>"e81- --------------------------------- o{`;-r9'q0"-2 bx1kt"d!ad&"j:1b/1c!as` ou`=1d!a cost1 ix"s` take k*1 spend :" h:"2dv"j*16"q>`j8"d>"o/"e.'f&1- *`e)"az` c*`j*1e.'k}'6"q>`33 a4 cost e|'*`;-/"-2 r3"e|'a/`j:1 it h3"a/`j:12o/"l!`6";-gu1-2 h3"a/`j:12j+` a:'r("k?`nz1k+'o{`;-k?'jt1-2 d!amy1j:12 g/1ou`=16"q>`- b4 i:`6" take i:12l!`6"e|'j:1 it1 i:" /"r3"gu1h3"a/`j:12|`o{`i:1kt'd!amy1j:1 oy"6"- ,It takes sb+ i:1kt'+ to ,V m(`gu1j&1i:""""r9'q0"c!ag3"kv'i:1kt' ,It took me a whole morning to clean up my bedroom4 3`r9'c!a*'az`k!"h%`ix"jy'c*`3`d!aqx1 kt'- sth takes+ 7sb7+ i:1kt' m(`i:"r9'{m(` gu1o g3"kv'i:1kt' ,The job took me two hours4 a!"e."k&'h3"r9'c!a3`c.`e{`i:1- c4 spend e|'*`;-gu1-2 h3"a/`j:12a:'r(" l!`k+'o{`;-i:1kt'-2 r3"i:";-k?'jt1-2 d!a my1j:1- gu1+ spend+ i:1kt'/ k?'jt1+ ,V-ing/ on sth m(`gu1r9'q0""""{i:1kt'/ k?'jt1o h3""""/ hw""""ix" ,Larry spent ,,NT 4#bj1jjj buying himself a new monitor4 cw"g$"r9'c!ae?'fw1o*"c.`}"~1k0`h:"k*` mw`c!a*'k!"e?'y1m/"- ,Gary spent a whole year writing his new book4 kw"g$"r9'c!aaz`az`*'nt1d!ai:1kt'e+`f>' d!ae?'i/'- ,Russell doesn't spend enough time on his studies4 c31e/"m01s`hw"e81+"ix"r9'h/1k("d!ai:1 kt'- 33333333333333333333 8,Words for ,reference0 ? retailer n4 cy1i("ix' retail n4 cy1i(" ? social media i!"j41m01f*` ? e-commerce n4 dt"h:`ix'/" commerce n4 ix'+"2m%"*" ? intentional a4 e|"*"d!a;l!"*"d!a 33333333333333333333 8,Practical ,Phrases0 #a4 admit to ,N/ ,V-ing bz1gu"{h3"o""" .k admit ,N/ ,V-ing ,Jill has admitted to eating my cake4 k*1:1bz1gu"f>'b:'d{"c!a3`d!adv"k%'- ,It's impossible for ,Eileen to admit to her mistakes4 {"w"c?1bz1gu"j3"/"i:"o/"l!`nz1d!a- #b4 allow sb to ,V 4`e|`m(`gu1{h3"o""" ,Todd's parents won't allow him to stay out late4 f%1d!1d!aq/"m/`o/"4`e|`f>'hw"7"mt"dw" d%"ru`}`- gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg #a/#e l!'p/`~1d*" ,Why ,Your ,Skin ,Gets ,Wrinkled ,When ,Wet k+'lw'p*1q/'p%"i$`ot"a("a:'m*1 by ,Evan ,Witkowski ,When our fingers and toes are wet for extended periods of time1 the skin starts to get wrinkled4 ,According to research from ,Newcastle ,University in the ,,UK1 the human nervous system is responsible for the wrinkles1 and the reason why may surprise you4 ,It turns out that wrinkled digits make it easier to grip wet objects4 ,This theory was first posited by evolutionary neurobiologist ,Mark ,Changizi in #bjaa4 ,Because the wrinkles on our skin direct the movement of water1 they work as a drainage network between our hands or feet and the wet object they are trying to grasp4 ,Dr4 ,Tom ,Smulders from ,Newcastle's ,Centre for ,Behaviour and ,Evolution said1 8,If the nervous system is actively controlling this behavior under some circumstances and not others1 it seems less of a leap to assume there must be a function for it1 and that evolution has selected it4 ,And evolution wouldn't have selected it unless it conferred some sort of advantage40 ,This advantage is thanks to the epidermis1 which is the outermost layer of skin that becomes wrinkled after around half an hour of being submerged4 ,Contained in the epidermis is keratin1 which is a protein that makes up our fingernails and toenails4 ,Keratin cells in the epidermis die and become the surface layer of our skin4 ,This layer absorbs water easily and swells to create wrinkles4 ,Our feet and hands have the thickest layer of keratin to protect them during various tasks1 so they are more susceptible to becoming wrinkled than other parts of the human body4 ,The next time you get pruny fingers1 now you know they're there for a reason4 33333333333333333333 dx'3`mu1d!ai(`a:`rv"k{`a:`i:'d{"*'d}" i:1kt'r("2p*1q/'ks"r$"lw'i:`q>'a("- ku' k|"y'k31e?'o%`d>"e81e3`h3"d!at1ks"2gu1 c0"iu1ky'e*"f&`ax`k}`a("=12:1o0"r("d!a~1 ?'l!`nz1r$"gx"n*`kv`d%")"*"- ~1cw1a("o>'o>'d!ai(`a:`r3"k{`a:`nz1kz" g&1*"a9'a/"b%1i:'d!a/"p?`- a!"k!"c*`c=" i:"s1t`r9"iu1ky'l!'e81k)'m>`l!"-ix"*'h:' |1 #bjaa nt1i(`j:"f*1b/'- s1|13`mu1p*1 q/'ix"d!aa("=1nz1k("?`d%`i$`d!a*1d&"2a!" e+'a("=1ot"h3"$13`mu1i(`r3"k{`|`i:"f/1{" a9'j|`d!ab%1i:'/"p?`kt'd!apw1i$`_`c3"- cw1h:"e?'o%`d>"e81ey1$1|`t`r9"a&'e?'d!a fx'm/`-i:`m/"d!1*'iz'o{`i:"33;-g/1k3`i:" iu1ky'e*"f&`{:1q0'j*1f>'?'e/"o hw"m(`e+' jy1l_"e)"a/`d%`c!aa!"k!"ey1$12n>"m!agu" $1a!"*'dy"s`j*1k&'nz1,j+`i:"t`r9"h%"bz1 d!ae:"r/'ot"o/"h/1$1j*1c!a- :1j+`g3"q0' f>'s`m(`e+'r%`b/"2t`r9"+`o/"l!`nz1h%"bz1 g/1j:`k+1k3`--2 a!"k!"s'i:"k$'k&'|1o{`p*12j*1$1p*1q/' d!ah$"7"jz12hw"k?"p%"8'ov"k!"a&'f(1r(" ks"r$"ot"a("- :1o{`p*1a&'rv1s`k{`dv"ow12 a!"i:"*'a&`h/`bz1i(`k{`a:`k)`d!adv"ow1 a:1- o{`p*1c*`d!ak{`dv"ow1e*"o%'e:`_1r(" r$"ot"bz13`mu1p*1q/'d!ao{`jz1- a!"*'jz1 nz1k("jy'*"e*'i('i$`qu"oy"pz1ax"*`b_"h%" b/'a("=1- 3`mu1d!ak{`rv"i(`6`s`h$"r("d!a k{`dv"ow1jz12hw"k?"ey1k!"a&`gu"/"i:16"*` o%`r/"3`mu1d!ai(`k{`2e3`*`i(`k{`+`o*`iu' f*`j*1f>'o/"$"kz"g&1*"ot"a("- et"hw"n*` a:'d%"c!a2e)"j:"n*`d!ai(`a:`ot"a("i:12 o0"r("i:"s`~1?'d!a- 33333333333333333333 8,Words in ,Use0 #a4 wrinkle vt4 & n4 {j*`o a("=1 ,Though that man is only #cj1 his face is wrinkled4 n>"k!"nv1gu1e$'gv1jw1ev'i:1e$"2dv"f>' d!act`*`mv`i:"a("=1- ,No one can live to old age without getting a few wrinkles4 m01s`gu1nz1r31d%"k%'cy1:1o/"ax`*'e+' a("=1- #b4 extended a4 bx1j*1d!a;t1iu'd!a ,You should try to avoid extended periods of time at the computer4 n*`y'kw'o*"mt`bx1i:1kt'i:`6"dt"n%`- #c4 grip vt4 a9'a/";e*'?` ev'fw"$133 grip1 gripped1 gripped4 ,Nancy gripped my hand unconsciously when we were watching the horror movie4 nv1e*'hw"3`mu1lv"l&`o/"pt"d!ai:1r("o/" s1h:"a/`d*"a9'k?`3`d!ai(`- #d4 direct vt4 a:`?`2?`d%` ,These pills are potentially harmful to your health1 so take them as directed4 a!"e+'{"}1l!`nz1d$"n*`d!akt"lx's`rw"2 e3`*`{"*'a%"a:`i:"q/16"- #e4 grasp vt4 k?`a9';cy`r$"2c*`k+` ,Mina grasped her daughter's hand when they crossed the street4 m*`n>"hw"k3"m>`c/"i:1k?`a9'a!an|`:1d!a i(`- #f4 actively adv4 a/`d&"d*";k*'k*1d*" ,Holly has been actively searching for an acting job for the past year4 r!1c*"k3"j|"k*`nt1*'a:1k*'k*1d*"e41a%` t`e*"d!ak&'h3"- #g4 assume vt4 gu"$1;k)`dy"2k)`i!" ,Rita didn't see ,Al's wedding ring1 so she assumed that he was single4 c*"f>`m01lv"d%"w":`d!ar='k+"2e3`*`ot" gu"$1f>'rw1dv'iu'- #h4 confer vt4 k0`|`2q/"|`;i("|`{e81$" dz`o ,The president of ,Yale ,University conferred an honorary doctorate on ,Peter last ,Friday4 ix"ey'j*1/`+'c/`d>"e81e{"ax`ov'i("o*` d!1g&1|"o<1i:"e81$"- 99 doctorate n4 o<1i:"{e81$"o #i4 layer n4 jz1 a layer of''' *'jz1d!a""" ,A layer of skin peeled off of ,Alex's sunburnt back4 w"c*"l!"e:'iw"ix'd!ao0"ix"f3'c!a*'jz1 p*1- #aj4 submerge vt4 t'm<" ,That devastating flood submerged the whole village4 n>"bx`r$`m+"ey"d!ar&1i$`t'm<"c!aaz`k!" j='a_'- #aa4 swell vi4 a&`j*`cw12a&`ax" ev'fw"$133 swell1 swelled1 swollen ,After ,Larry accidentally hit his thumb with a hammer1 it swelled to twice its normal size4 cw"g$"o/"e{`e?'6"b$1h:aj{'d%"m/`a:` r("2m/`a:`a&`c!ac.`o0"d>"- 33333333333333333333 8,Grammar ,Tips0 make up''' k("bz1""" ,Twenty players make up the basketball team4 a!"a:'cv1js1d$"s1:"i:1my1e~`i(`h/`bz1- ---------------------------------------- *`e)"k+"i%"j*1f>'o{`;-s1"""h/`bz1-2 d!apt"|`33 a4 be made up of''' s1"""h/`bz1 ,This delegation is made up of #ej government officials4 kw'dw"o{`f}1s1/`i:1my1az"q/`k}'~1h/` bz1- b4 be composed of''' s1"""h/`bz1 ,This organization is composed of people from all walks of life4 a!"k!"h/`a:'i:"s1cw1h:"k!"rx1k!"+"d!a gu1i:"e3`h/`bz1d!a- c4 consist of''' s1"""h/`bz1 ,A soccer team consists of #aa players4 *'a:'h/1js1d$"i:"s1i:1*'k!"js1~1e3`h/` bz1d!a- *`e)"k+"i%" 8make up'''0 d!aj*1f>'*" e:'|`e.'k}'d>'p0"j:133 a4 make up''' n+'h%"""" ,I don't trust ,Tom4 ,He likes to make up stories4 3`o/"e?"gu"fx'm/`- f>'e*`r}'ot'k/"i:"- b4 make up for''' m*1o/`/ o/`bx1""" ,Michelle made up for her lack of talent with hard work4 m*"e8`:1*`n/`c*"cw1m*1o/`f>'ft'h:'d!a o/"h/1- c4 make up to sb 7for'''7 {$"c!am(` i:"o o/`bx1m(`gu1 ,Tina's boyfriend made up to her for being late by taking her to a fancy restaurant4 d*"n>"d!anv1s`dw"f>'d%"k%'k*1jv'fy'b:' qv"h3"$1b:1d%"d!ao/`bx1- d4 make up with sb rv"m(`gu1b&1es'ks" r%` ,You should apologize to ,Chris and make up with him4 n*`y'kw'e."l!"c*`e:'d%"jt"oy"rv"f>'r!1 r%`- 33333333333333333333 8,Words for ,Reference0 ? the nervous system iu1ky'e*"f&` ? digit n4 {gu1d!ao i(`a:`r3"k{`a:`; {d&"/"d!ao h/1a:` ? posit vt4 k)`i!";d}"dy" ? an evolutionary neurobiologist t`r9"iu1ky'l!'e81k)' evolutionary a4 t`r9"d!a neurobiologist n4 iu1ky'l!'e81k)' ? drainage n4 pw1i$`e*"f&` ? epidermis n4 o{`p*1 ? outermost a4 h$"7"jz1d!a ? keratin n4 k{`dv"ow1 ? protein n4 dv"ow1a:1 ? susceptible a4 *"i("y`e.`d!a ? pruny a4 a("o>'o>'d!a 33333333333333333333 8,Practical ,Phrases0 #a4 be responsible for''' i:""""d!a~1?';$""""q/"h!1 ,Authorities are certain that ,John was responsible for the car accident4 dx'k|1j8"e?"8'rv"kw'$"a!"bx`b!'r3"q/" h!1- #b4 it turns out+ that h:`k|" k+1k3` {ky"gv1o""" as it turns out1''' ~1cw12""" ,Even though ,Mr4 ,Edwards looks wealthy1 it turns out that he's actually broke4 e$'gv1w"d!1r91h:'et'iz'lv"e:"q/"|"2j*1 i:1f>'h%`ks"p<"bv`c!a- ,As it turns out1 our new manager is ,Amy1 not ,Luke4 3`mu1d!ae?'gu"ky'c*`~1cw1i:"w"m*':1o/" i:"c/"l!"- #c4 under''' circumstances hw""""d!a jy1l_"e)" under no circumstances k81d$"o/" 7under no circumstances $1q(`dy"q/"j:1 pt"|`2a:"|1k|"i(`i:12j*1r("e|'jw`d%"a_' k|"k("7 circumstance n4 jy1l_"2r}1ky"{d3'6"q/" i/"o ,According to our company's policy1 you may qualify for a refund under certain circumstances4 ku'k|"3`mu1k&'e:'d!aaz"j!"2n?1hw"m(` e+'jy1l_"e)"r3"e|`q/1r!1f$"l}`f{1kt"- ,Under no circumstances will ,I let you drive my car4 3`k81o/"r$"gx"n*`lw'3`d!ab!'- #d4 less of a leap to ,V """i:"d>"s` l!`nz1d!a ,O4 ,J4 ,Simpson may have been framed by two police officers1 but it's less of a leap to believe that he's actually guilty4 ,O4 ,J4 e?'p/`eu'r3"e|`o0"c.`my1ky`b>1 k0`et"rw"2dv"gu"$1f>'i:1k*"ix"s`h$"i:" d>"s`l!`nz1d!a- gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg #a/#g l!"c("h:" ,Taiwan's ,Shy ,Little ,Leopard ,Cat |`i:1r/`f&1ey1 az`ks"o?'$1d&"/" by ,William ,Ryan ,The ,Taiwan leopard cat is a reclusive species that looks like a cross between a leopard and a house cat4 ,Leopard cats are small1 #a between three to six kilograms4 ,They feed on rats1 field mice1 and other rodents4 ,During the ,Japanese colonial era1 these creatures #b1 and their habitats spanned the entire island4 ,Now1 sadly1 population size estimates range from around #a1jjj down to less than #cjj left4 ,In recent years1 leopard cat numbers in ,Taiwan have been decimated by human activity1 mainly road kills and pesticide contamination4 ,They are now on the edge of extinction1 being declared endangered back in #bjji4 ,Many of their known habitats have been intersected by roads #c the increase in traffic in rural areas during the past decade4 ,Leopard cats are forced to cross roads when hunting for food1 leaving them #d to being hit and killed by cars4 ,In response to the threats facing the ,Taiwan leopard cats1 the chair of the ,Miaoli ,County ,Nature ,Association has emphasized the urgent need for more wildlife-friendly construction and engineering practices4 ,Leopard cats and their various subspecies also inhabit vast areas from ,Pakistan to ,Indonesia4 ,Because they are not considered endangered in those places1 it is not a major issue #e global conservationists4 ,But for ,Taiwan1 leopard cats are becoming increasingly rare1 so we must try our best to protect these animals4 #a4 7,A7 weigh 7,B7 to weigh 7,C7 weighing 7,D7 weighed #b4 7,A7 arose 7,B7 shrank 7,C7 thrived 7,D7 escaped #c4 7,A7 due to 7,B7 based on 7,C7 instead of 7,D7 apart from #d4 7,A7 beneficial 7,B7 vulnerable 7,C7 satisfied 7,D7 tolerant #e4 7,A7 around 7,B7 along 7,C7 against 7,D7 among 33333333333333333333 fw1}'i:1r/`i:"*'a&`?`k|'/"a&`2lv"j*` cw1e."i:"o%"k*1k)'m%'d!ar="r!1a&`- i:1 r/`e.'dx'e{`a:'2a&"d>1ev'a:"cs"k&'k?'- f>'mu1*`d>"i/`,ft1i/`k*1j*1f>'n+"b:`c0" d&"/"$1i:1- hw"g:"a:"i:1dw"j*1kt'2a!"e+' iz'/"a31a_"bz1ax`2j+`f>'mu1d!aj*'d*"ot" o/"az`k!"d%`|`- g/1k?'cy"gu1*1rv"d!ai:"2 f>'mu1d!ak/'k*"i/"c."j&18'*'jt'a:'k."a:" iz"o/"d%"ev'ow`a:'- k?"nt1cw12fw1}'d!ai:1r/`i/"c."?'gu1c0" r31d&":1d>"c."kt`i%`2a/`{"i:"c/"i>'{ot' v"33a:`+`iz'd&"/"hw"c/"ix"o0"b!'c."a_" k*1e:`_1d!aet"e."-o rv"n&1{"/'gv`- f>' mu1et"hw"k*`k?"m+"k812hw" #bjji nt1o0" e~'o/"$1o?'$1/"a&`- s1|1k3"j|"i:1nt1n&1 j='d*"j|'d!ak{'f&'c."hz'k)'2e|`d3'*`a:' d!aj*'e*1d*"*`o0"d%"c/"qu'k!1lw'cw1- i:1 r/`hw"e41a%`i:1/"i:1o0"p<"d0`8"k3"m>` c/"2i:`f>'mu1ru`g&1*"o0"j*"b!'a_"e:`- $" c!a?'y"fw1}'i:1r/`mt"c?1d%"d!a$'e+12m{1 c*"et"h:"gv1iz'fw"e81r$"d!aa/`e*1j.1d{"2 j*"e|'kz"d3's`iv"+`iz'd&"/"d!akt"i!"k*1 k&'bz1a=`h!1- i:1r/`k*1j*1e|`d3')"a&`+`j*'e*1|1j&1 o>'k*'e:'fv`a:"?"n*1d!ak_`d>"d*"j|'- s1 |1f>'mu1hw"n>"e+'d*"qx'o/"o0"i:"$1o?'$1 /"a&`2?'j:`hw"j~1js1o%`|"gu1i:"d!at`a&'2 a!"o/"i:"k!"a&"d>"*"f*1- dv"ks"fw1}':1 t12i:1r/`*`8"cw18"i%`2?'j:`3`mu1o*"e|' k?"c*"o%`r/"a!"e+'d&"/"- d>1v"33 #a4 ,C #b4 ,C #c4 ,A #d4 ,B #e4 ,D 33333333333333333333 &~1cw1g/1j:`y #a4 ,Leopard cats are small1 weighing between three to six kilograms4 c*`s1 a4 *'k|"a&'s`c.`k!"d&"j:1f&1i:1j=1hw"2 o*`j:`kt's`d("dt`e.'k!1:1/1ct1k+'j:1i:12 h!1d*":"k!"d&"j:1{"ot"bz1et"hw"qu'j:1- b4 ou`k|"*`s`a/`{"d&"j:1 are1 j*1r("/1 ct1k+'j:1ct1k+'2ku'k|"ix"i/"2d!1a:'l&" k!1y'a:"et"hw"qu'j:1 weighing1 k/" 7,C7 e."y'$1az"e~`- c4 weigh vi4 a&"d>1 ,My brother and ,I both weigh #gj kilograms4 3`rv"k!'k!'d!af*`a&"d('i:"j*'i:1k&' k?'- #b4 ,During the ,Japanese colonial era1 these creatures thrived1 and their habitats spanned the entire island4 c*`s1 a4 7,A7 arise vi4 bv`iz'2q>'iz' ev'fw"$133 arise1 arose1 arisen4 arise from''' j*`?'|1""" ,Many couples' misunderstandings arise from a lack of communication4 e|`d3'jy1c|`kt'd!a/"r$"j*`?'|1j8'q>1 k('f&'- 7,B7 shrink vi4 e3'e{`;e3'd}` ev'fw"$133 shrink1 shrank1 shrunk4 ,Sweaters may shrink in the dryer4 m%1*'hw"r&'*'k*'c*`l!`nz1r$"e3'e{`- 7,C7 thrive vi4 a31a_"bz1ax`;pz1o<1q>' av` ,This kind of plant thrives in subtropical climates4 a!"a&`a:1/"hw")"g!"dw"j*"r("a&'ax`d!a ru`m%"iz"- 7,D7 escape vi4 f%1f3'2f%1c*1 escape from''' j&1"""f%1c*1 ,However hard it tried1 the bird couldn't escape from the cage4 a!"a:'n{`/1c="d3'm!an/`c*"bx1i:"2gz1 gv1/1q>`f%1b/'n{`c&1- b4 s1l&"k!1r("d!a their habitats spanned the entire island {f>'mu1d!aj*' d*"ot"o/"az`k!"d%`|`o l!`a:'2i:1r/`hw"g:"a:"i:1dw"j*1kt' ;-a31a_"bz1ax`-22k/"d>1v"e~` 7,C74 #c4 ,Many of their known habitats have been intersected by roads due to the increase in traffic in rural areas during the past decade4 c*`s1 a4 7,A7 due to''' s1|1""" .k because of''' .k owing to''' .k as a result of''' ,The picnic was put off due to bad weather4 s1|1ft'r("o/"k)'2+`jv't1j*1k|`ov"- 7,B7 based on''' k*'|1/ ku'k|"""" ,Emily composes poems based on what she sees in nature4 w"m*"c*"*`k}'ix`d>"h:"gv1d!1d%"d!acy1 kv`cw1e+`i:'- 7,C7 instead of''' :1q0'""" ,Josh left his business to his daughter instead of his son4 j{1e|`o>`i:"+"cs1k0`f>'d!an|`:1:1o/" i:":1h:a- 7,D7 apart from''' b/1c!a"""a:'7" ,I like all sports apart from football4 b/1c!ah/1js1a:'7"2j~1o/"d!a4"d&"3`d(' e*`r}'- b4 l&"k!1jt1r("o{`d>1d!ai:";-?'k3`k}' e*"-22jt1$1k3`{e|`d3'*`a:'d!aj*'e*1d*"*` o0"d%"c/"qu'k!1lw'cw1o2r("$1?'{k3"j|"i:1 nt1n&1j='d*"j|'d!ak{'f&'c."hz'k)'o2?'j:` y'a:"o{`;-?'$"2s1|1-2 d!apt"|`2k/"d>1v" e~` 7,A74 #d4 ,Leopard cats are forced to cross roads when hunting for food1 leaving them vulnerable to being hit and killed by cars4 c*`s1 a4 7,A7 beneficial a4 s`*"d!a be beneficial to''' s`*"|1""" ,Regular exercise is beneficial to one's health4 k$'c|"4"d&"s`*"kt"lx'- 7,B7 vulnerable a4 *"i("ix'rw"d!a be vulnerable to''' *"i(""""d!aix'rw" ,Children are vulnerable to the flu4 e{`rw1h:ak*1*"i("d%"cs1kv`d!aj?'e*1- 7,C7 satisfied a4 kv`d%"mv`*"d!a be satisfied with''' d$""""kv`d%"mv` *" ,My mother is satisfied with her life after retirement4 3`m>'ru`mv`*"f$"es'r("d!aiz'r31- 7,D7 tolerant a4 gu`i("d!a;l}'i/"d!a be tolerant of''' g&1gu`/ l}'i/"""" ,An open-minded person is tolerant of different opinions4 e?'e6'lw'l3"d!agu1l!`*`g&1gu`o/"f&1d!a *"kt"- b4 ku'k|"|`*"2i:1r/`hw"e41a%`i:1/"i:1 o0"p<"d0`8"k3"m>`c/"2i:`f>'mu1;-ru`g&1 *"-2 o0"j*"b!'a_"e:`2k/" 7,B7 e."y'$1az" e~`- #e4 ,Because they are not considered endangered in those places1 it is not a major issue among global conservationists4 c*`s1 a4 7,A7 around prep4 d>"8' ,Most guests started to make their way home around #aj p4 m4 d>"d3'i/"d!al!"gu1|1}`ix"i:1dt`a&'h3` s"lw'i:`r$1k)'- 7,B7 along prep4 t1a!a ,There were signs at every corner along the road warning motorists to slow down4 t1c/"m0`qz1a}`}'b/"d('s`ky`k%"k)"i:` gu1kt`e/"mv"ey1d!ao{'a:"- 7,C7 against prep4 $1lx"2d$"lx" ,Advocacy groups were against the recent law changes4 bx"d%`f}1f*`qv`d$"k?"j*1d!aq>`c|"ot" kz'- 99 advocacy n4 f*1bx"26`r/" 7,D7 among prep4 hw""""a:'kt'{ev'a!` r3"*`ix"i/"c."d!agu1r3"/"o ,Michael felt out of place among all the women in the dance class4 mw"l!`hw"*'az`ov'd('i:"n|`ey"d!a/`d%" l!"a&'kv`d%"o/"h:"hw"- 99 feel out of place {k81d!ao k!1k!1 o/"g/" b4 ku'k|"|`*"2s1|1i:1r/`hw"j*1f>'d*" qx'o/"o0"i:"$1o?'$1/"a&`2?'j:`;-hw"-2 j~1js1o%`|"gu1i:"d!at`;-a&'-22a!"o/"i:" k!"a&"d>"*"f*12l!`a:'d>1v"y'e~` 7,D74 33333333333333333333 8,Words for ,Reference0 ? a leopard cat i:1r/` ? reclusive a4 ?`k|'d!a2d="i:"d!a ? rodent n4 n+"b:`m/"d&"/" ? decimate vt4 d>"c."r$`m+" ? pesticide n4 n&1{";i>'b&1k*" ? association n4 e+1r$";ct1mz1 ? conservationist n4 o%`|"gu1i:" 33333333333333333333 8,Practical ,Phrases0 #a4 feed on''' {d&"/"o *`"""$1i:1 ,Silkworms feed on mulberry leaves4 jv1o%`o%`*`ex'+"$1i:1- 99 mulberry n4 ex'i/" #b4 range from ,A to ,B qv"$1j&1 ,A d%" ,B d('s` ,The prices of pants in that store range from ,,NT 4#dii to ,,NT 4#e1iii4 a!"kt'dt"d!al/"h:ak)"k!1j&1e?'fw1o*" e:"ow`ks`i:1ks`~1d%"/`jt'ks`ow`ks`i:1ks` ~1d('s`- #c4 be on the edge of''' o?'c?1""" .k be on the verge of''' .k be on the brink of''' ,That company is on the edge of bankruptcy4 n>"kt'k&'e:'az"o?'c?1p<"bv`- #d4 be forced to ,V o0"p<"{h3"o""" ,We were forced to give up on the project due to a lack of capital4 s1|1j8'q>1h:'k?'23`mu1o0"p<"qx"j*"kw' j*"r9"v"- #e4 in response to''' ?'y"/ r$1y"""" ,The carmaker cut back on its production in response to the economic crisis4 $"c!a?'y"ky'k*"$1k*'2n>"kt'b!'bx`e3' kt`j*1j*"b!'d!abv`c."- 33333333333333333333 8,More to ,Learn0 wildlife-friendly d$"+`iz'd&"/"/1rw" d!a ,That company has received certification to market wildlife- friendly rice4 n>"kt'k&'e:'*`r3"d!1gu"az"cw1e{'i("d$" +`iz'd&"/"/1rw"d!ad%"m*`- ---------------------------------------- h:"$` -friendly o{`;-d$""""/1rw"d!a-2, ;-d$""""r%`6"-2 r3";-qx'ot""""d!a-22 l!`a:"|1my1j:1r3"q/"j:1r("ey1bz1q/"r!1 ey1g&1j:1- bx1kt"d!adv'h:"g/1e)"33 a4 eco-friendly a4 r}1o%`d!a ,Using disposable diapers is not very eco-friendly4 i:`6"mt`e*`n{"o/"i:1qu'o/"r}1o%`- b4 environmentally-friendly r}1o%`d!a2 d$"r}1ky"/1rw"d!a ,Our brochure is printed on environmentally-friendly paper4 3`mu1d!ae{`j!"h:ai:"6"r}1o%`a:`ax'?" i9'd!a- c4 user-friendly a4 *"j%'h3"d!a ,That company's latest commercial highlights the smartphone's user- friendly functions4 n>"kt'k&'e:'d!ah$"e?'k_`k%"j.1d{"kw' a:"r$"ey1i(`k*'*"j%'h3"d!ak&'nz1- d4 family-friendly a4 j?'h:`ey1d!a2i:" r!1j~1k)'d!a ,These family-friendly resorts put the focus on fun for the whole family4 a!"e+'j?'h:`d/"k)"j='k.'a&"dt`qx"hw" j~1k)'gu1d!a}1c!"ix"- 33333333333333333333 8,Words in ,Use0 #a4 species n4 /"a&`{dv'q/"i/"f&1ey1o a species of''' *'a&`""" two species of''' c.`a&`""" subspecies n4 {d&"a:1/"d!ao )"a&` ,According to the guidebook1 this forest is home to #bj species of birds4 ku'k|"a!"ou`c|`ey1a:`nv12a!"h3"eu'c?1 i:":"i:1a&`n{`c0"d!aj*'e*1d*"- #b4 colonial a4 a:1m?1d!a colony n4 a:1m?1d*" ,It took the country almost #ej years to rid itself of colonial rule4 kw'k31r9'c!ak.'k?"/`i:1nt1jw1ow`f3'a:1 m?1f&`a:"- ,New ,York ,City was originally a ,Dutch colony4 ns`8'i:"~1ou`i:"r!1cv1d!aa:1m?1d*"- #c4 habitat n4 {d&"/"o j*'e*1d*" ,This national park protects the natural habitat of these wild monkeys4 a!"h3"k31k)'k&'~1$1r/"c!aa!"e+'+`iz' r(1h:ad!aj*'e*1d*"- #d4 span vt4 {l&'kt'o rz1l9";{i:1kt'o rv1kw" ,Robin's acting career spanned #dj years4 c31o?'d!at`~1iz')1bx1d>1e:"i:1d3'nt1- #e4 estimate n4 & vt4 k/'k*"2k/'e}" it is estimated+ that h:`k|" k|"k/' k*"""" ,The estimates we got for remodeling our kitchen were too expensive4 3`mu1b&1e?'a_'r_1b/1qx1d!ak/'k)"fw"k$" c!a- ,It is estimated that there are about #f1jjj motorcycle accidents every year in ,Taiwan4 k|"k/'k*"2fw1}'m0`nt1d!ak*'b!'i:"k/" d>"8's`cs"jt'kt"- #f4 contamination n4 /'gv` ,The nuclear power plant was responsible for the contamination of the local water supply4 n>"h3"r!1dt"bx`i:"h%"bz1dx'd*"i$`~1/' gv`d!a~1?'- #g4 extinction n4 k81a&`2m+"k81 ,Many species are in danger of extinction4 e|`d3'iz'/"mt"c?1k81a&`d!aet`ky"- #h4 endangered a4 o?'c?1k81a&`d!a ,Many animals that were once numerous are now endangered4 e|`d3'e*1g:"i/"c."a&"d3'd!ad&"/"m/"jt1 *`o?'c?1k81a&`- #i4 intersect vt4 qu'k!1;k}"b}'{bx16" o0"d&"|`fw"o ,This city is intersected by three main waterways4 ev'f{1a/`{"i$`c/"k}"b}'a!"h3"bz1i:"- #aj4 rural a4 n&1j='d!a2e.'e)"d!a urban a4 d/'i:"d!a ,After getting married in the big city1 ,Andy and ,Mia longed for the peace and quiet of a rural life4 hw"d>"bz1i:"k+1r='r("2v'd*1rv"m*`)"l!` _"e.`i("e.'j='iz'r31d!any1ky"- #aa4 emphasize vt4 j.1d{";a31a&" .k put/ lay/ place emphasis on''' emphasis n4 j.1d{"2a&"i:" ,Professor ,Hung emphasized the importance of class participation4 r&1k{"i("i:1qu'j.1d{"l!"fx1jv'|"d!aa&" {"ey"- #ab4 urgent a4 p<"j+"d!a;k?`k*1d!a ,I'm sorry ,I can't go out with you1 because ,I have something urgent to deal with4 3`ru`o%"jt"/1q>`ku'n*`mu1b/'j|"2?'$"3` s`k*1i:"d0`b/`c*`- #ac4 inhabit vt4 j*'e*1|1 ,Many wild and unique animals inhabit the ,Galapagos ,Islands4 e|`d3'j*1f!"d!a+`iz'd&"/"j*'e*1|1k)' c>'o>'k!'j41d%`- gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg #a/#h a/`f*1e+`h3" ,False ,Advertising o/"i:1k_`k%" &f*1i:"y 3`mu1d!aiz'r31a&'b&'b:"a!ak!"i:"k!"." d!ak_`k%"2r3"d3'r3"i%`r$"y`e.`e{'q0"a!` d!ae~`h!1- gv1:12qx'kt'd!adt"i:",o%"ax' h>1a:",_`c/"dz`m01f*`j8"bx1bx1b/'et"*' e+'l9'd>"o/"i:1d!ak_`k%"- m(`e+'ix'p?` o/"k?`ku'ou`o/"k|"e3`e~'bz'd!ae{"k3`2iu" a:"rw1l!`nz1d$"i:`6"a!`d!aiu'f*`kt"lx's` rw"- jy`*`j:`a&`;-o/"i:1k_`k%"-2 d!aet" e."$1f*12e+`*'pt'=1bx1a:"i%` #abj k!"dv' j:1 7words7 d!ay'=1h3"=1- d*"*'d}"2i3' my1h:"k*`d$"|1o/"i:1k_`k%"d!alv"q>`;d*" :"d}"2*`k!"gu1,j?'s`d!aky't"r3"o%"d%`e3` =1$1c*"2m{1i/"|"ix"o/"i:1k_`k%"d!ajy1 ey1- &d&"d&"n%`y c*"6" #b,W 7,What+ ,Why7 r!1i:" ,What do you think about false advertising8 $"r!1 ,Why do you think of it that way8 r!1i:" ,What kind of false advertising have you and your friends encountered and what happened8 &d>"kx'y d*"*'d}"33i3'my1h:"k*`d$"|1o/"i:1k_` k%"d!alv"q>`- `# i(`et'2e{'q0"a!`a&'ks"r$"q>'et"f>' mu1hw"m(`a&`bz1d/"ix"i("d%"j*'pt"- `# j*1j:"2dx'gu1mu1*"i:"d%"m(`kt'k&' e:'d$"f>'mu1e>'r_`i:12f>'mu1ks"o/"r$"hw" k("mw`n>"kt'k&'e:'d!abv`p?`- `# k*'|1a!"e+'~1?'2h3"a!"kt"i:"d!ak&' e:'e:"r/'e.'dx'o/"a:"- d*":"d}"33*`k!"gu1,j?'s`d!aky't"r3"o%" d%`e3`=1$1c*"2m{1i/"|"ix"o/"i:1k_`k%"d!a jy1ey1- `# 3`d!ao{`m0"m<"c*"lv"d%"*'h!1e~'bz' l!`*`kt`q01d!ac|"b>1dt"i:"k_`k%"r("2ot" mw`c!a*'e+'cw1i:"r!'- `# cy"m<"c*"i:'_"d!ai:"2f>'k*'r/'m01s` kt`jy'gu"r!1f*`a&"2rw1?'j:`$"f&"- `# f>'e81d%"k{"e4"oy"k%"e/"e3`s`pz1s` o/"{"k("mw`kw'bv`p?`- d*"*'d}"33 ,In my opinion1 it is not wise for companies to engage in false advertising4 a4 ,First1 customers will eventually find out that they have been cheated in some way4 b4 ,In addition1 when people learn that a company has lied to them1 they won't buy their products anymore4 c4 ,For these reasons1 it is unwise for companies to do this4 d*":"d}"33 ,My cousin ,Molly recently learned a lesson about false advertising the hard way4 a4 ,After seeing a ,,TV commercial about a special green tea1 she decided to buy some4 b4 ,The advertisement promised that people could lose weight if they drank it every day4 c4 ,However1 after drinking the tea for more than two weeks1 she had lost almost no weight at all1 which made her so upset that she told all her friends not to buy it4 k+1c="k|"33 ,Because of her experience1 ,I learned to never trust advertisements exaggerating a company's product again4 33333333333333333333 &qv"=1y ,In my opinion1 it is foolish for companies to engage in false advertising4 ,First1 customers will eventually find out that they have been lied to in some way4 ,Some people may be tricked at first1 but they will soon learn the truth4 ,Second1 when people realize that a company has lied to them1 they won't buy their products anymore4 ,For these reasons1 it seems really unwise for companies to do this4 ,My cousin ,Molly recently learned a lesson about false advertising the hard way4 ,After seeing a ,,TV commercial about a special green tea1 she bought some4 ,The advertisement promised that people could lose up to five kilograms a week if they drank it every day4 ,Molly was excited about the tea at first4 ,However1 after using the product for more than two weeks1 she had lost almost no weight at all4 ,Even worse1 it made her stomach hurt4 ,She was so angry and upset that she told all her friends not to buy it4 ,Because of her experience1 ,I learned to never trust advertisements that exaggerate a company's product again4 33333333333333333333 *'3`a:'kt"2j&1i:"o/"i:1k_`k%"d$"k&'e:' cw1i3'i:"k!"o/"a:"a:'k|`- i(`et'2e{'q0" a!`a&'ks"r$"q>'et"f>'mu1hw"m(`a&`bz1d/" ix"o0"j*'pt"c!a- s`e+'gu1*'lw'i:`l!`nz1 r$"i("pt"2dv"f>'mu1ru`l7"ks"r$"a:'d%"au' e."- j*1j:"2dx'gu1mu1*"i:"d%"m(`kt'k&' e:'d$"f>'mu1e>'r_`i:12f>'mu1ks"o/"r$"hw" k("mw`n>"kt'k&'e:'d!abv`p?`- k*'|1a!"e+' ~1?'2h3"a!"kt"i:"d!ak&'e:'e:"r/'e.'dx' o/"my1a:"- 3`d!ao{`m0"m<"c*"h$"k?"b:'k?"c!al/`f(1 jw1e81d%"k}'|1o/"i:1k_`k%"d!ak{"e4"- hw" f>'lv"c!ak}'|1*'a&`f!"i/'c|"b>1d!adt"i:" k_`k%"r("2f>'ot"k("mw`c!a*'e+'- kw'k_` k%"o%`az"g/1k3`gu1mu1m0`ft'?`6"kw'c|" b>12m0`a('ks"l!`*`kt`d{"k%'d>1/`k&'k?'- m<"c*"*'lw'i:`d$"a!"a&`b>1?`kv`d%"ey' qu"- gv1:12hw"i:`6"kw'bv`p?`b%'k3"c.`a(' r("2f>'k*'r/'m01s`kt`jy'gu"r!1f*`a&"- kz"h%'d!ai:"2a!"a&`c|"b>1rw1gx"f>'$"f&"- f>'q0'bx1iz'j*"rv"i:'_"2?'j:`f>'k%"e/" e3`s`pz1s`o/"{"k("mw`kw'bv`p?`- s1|1f>' d!aky't"23`e81d%"hw"+`o/"{"e.'e?"r$"l9' d>"k&'e:'bv`p?`d!ak_`k%"- 33333333333333333333 8,patterns in ,users0 #a4 in one's opinion1 ,S+ ,V *'m(`gu1 a:'kt"2""";m(`gu1gu"$1""" .k ,In one's view1 ,S+ ,V .k ,Sb is of the opinion+ that h:`k|" /1 8,Sb is of the view+ that h:`k|"0 a:'6"q>`- ,In my opinion1 humans are no better than other animals4 3`o/"gu"$1gu1c0"o*`j*1f>'d&"/"s'es"- ,I'm of the opinion that the world would stop advancing without computers4 3`gu"$1g/1k3`i%`c!adt"n%`2i:"k+"k.'r$" fy1a:`k?"o/"- #b4 ,Even worse1 ,S+ ,V kz"h%'d!a i:"2"""{6"|1r7"d!aqx'mt"o .k ,Still worse/ ,Worse still/ ,Worse yet/ ,What's 7even/ far7 worse1 ,S+ ,V ,The meeting lasted almost four hours4 ,Even worse1 it was so dull that ,I was bored to death4 r$"*"b:1e|"k*`k?"e:"k!"e{`i:1- kz"h%' d!ai:"2r$"*"ru`bu1mu"2?'j:`3`k81d!a/1c{1 f("c!a- o*`k{" ,Even better1 ,S+ ,V kz"ox"d!ai:"2""" {6"|1r%`d!aqx'mt"o .k ,Better yet/ ,What's 7even/ far7 better1 ,S+ ,V ,Sam got into that prestigious university4 ,Even better1 he got a full scholarship4 iv'm/`l%`k?"c!an>"e3`a:'my1d>"e81- kz" ox"d!ai:"2f>'rw1r3"d!1j~1!1k.`e81k?'- 33333333333333333333 8,Words in ,Use0 #a4 false a4 o/"i:1d!a;k)`d!a a false alarm e|'ky'*'bx` ,Someone called to say there was a bomb inside the building1 but it turned out to be a false alarm4 s`gu1cw1dt"iz'bz'a!"d&"kt"a/1/"n0"s` a>"dv"2dv"k+1k3`i:"e|'ky'*'bx`- #b4 advertising n4 k_`k%"{+"o advertisement n4 k_`k%" ,That company spends millions of dollars on advertising every year4 n>"kt'k&'e:'hw"k_`k%"a:'b/'ix"m0`nt1{" r9'q0"i/"ow`}"~1- ,You're not allowed to put any advertisements on this wall4 a!"mt"j.1ix"o/"nz1ax'f+'gu"r!1k_`k%"- #c4 eventually adv4 h$"r("2a&'|1 ,If you work hard1 you will eventually achieve your goals4 g/1k3`n*`n/`c*"2h$"r("*'dy"r$"d>1bz1 m/"o{'- #d4 trick vt4 j*'pt" trick sb into ,V-ing j*'pt"m(`gu1 {h3"o""" ,The con man tricked me into giving him ,,NT 4#aj1jjj4 n>"k!"pt"h:apt"h(`3`e?'fw1o*"*'}"l7"- #e4 commercial n4 k_`k%" & a4 ix'+"d!a ,This commercial raised awareness about breast cancer4 a!"a:'k_`k%"f*1k%'d>"k)'d$"g/`w1d!agu" i:"- ,Advertisers are quick to exploit people's obsessions for commercial benefits4 k_`k%"ix'e4"e/"c*"6"gu1mu1d!ab:'m*1cw1 m(1j|`ix'+"c*"*"- #f4 hurt vi4 fz1f&" ,My legs hurt because ,I went hiking yesterday4 ?'$"3`h31ft'j|"kt"ey12e3`*`et"hw"f$` r%`f&"- #g4 exaggerate vt4 & vi4 l9'd>" ,Sara has a tendency to exaggerate her abilities4 i>'c>'_`_`r$"l9'd>"h:"k*`d!anz1c*"- 33333333333333333333 8,Practical ,Phrases0 #a4 engage in''' j&1i:"/ jv'|"""" ,That shipping company has engaged in many illegal business practices for years4 n>"k)'r3"4"k&'e:'*`j&1i:"e|`d3'q0'q>` ix'+"ey1$1d3'nt1- #b4 promise 7sb7+ that h:`k|" bz1n3"{m(`gu1o""" promise to ,V bz1n3"r$"""" ,I promise that you will get the present4 3`bz1n3"n*`r$"d!1d%"c*`/"d!a- ,Shelly promised to keep the secret for me4 e8`c*"bz1n3"r$"ox'3`o%`i(`a!"k!"m*" m*"- #c4 up to+ i/"h:" d3'd>1"""{i/"h:"o ,This species of snake can be up to four feet long when fully-grown4 a!"p?`a&`d!ai!1hw"bz1nt1r("l!`d>1e:"y' b:`bx1- #d4 lose weight kt`a&" gain weight hz'a&" ,Last year1 ,I made a resolution to lose weight and finally got into shape4 j|"nt13`e)"dy"k81e?'kt`q012a&'|1s`c!a r%`iu'jw1- ,I've gained a lot of weight since ,January4 3`j&1*'8"*`cw1f*`a&"hz'k)'c!ao/"i%`- 33333333333333333333 &k?"k+'qv"=1y ,Although it may be tempting for companies to stretch the truth about their products1 it is a big mistake to do so4 ,There is a saying that goes1 8,You can fool all of the people some of the time and some of the people all of the time1 but you can't fool all of the people all of the time40 ,What this means is that after a while1 false advertising will prove to be a bad idea for companies4 ,The public will eventually stop believing what the company says and boycott the company4 ,Plus1 the companies risk being fined by the government4 ,Recently1 my cousin ,Molly purchased a special type of green tea after watching a ,,TV commercial that promoted its weight-loss properties4 ,The ad claimed users could shed three kilograms a week4 ,After trying it for nearly a month1 my cousin was disappointed and furious because she had lost only half a kilogram4 ,She wrote a negative review of the product online1 bitterly criticizing the company's tactics4 ,Making false claims about a product is not a good way to run a business4 ,The company was eventually investigated by the government and fined millions of dollars4 33333333333333333333 k?`k}`hw"bv`p?`ix"l9'd>"j*1j:1d$"|1k&' e:'cw1i3'l!`nz1ru`s"gu12dv"i:"a!"m!ah3" ks"d>"j3"f!"j3"c!a- s`k|"t"|`a!"."i3'33 ;-n*`l!`*`av"i:1mz1pt"e3`s`gu12n*`+`l!` *`6`~`mz1pt"m(`e+'gu12dv"i:"n*`/1q>`6`~` mz1pt"e3`s`gu1--2 f>'*"$"a!ao/"i:1k_`k%" hw"*'d}"i:1kt'k3"r("k.'r$"o0"az"my1d$" k&'e:'cw1i3'i:"k!"r7"a/`*"- d>"a&"h$"a&' k.'o/"hw"e.'e?"kw'k&'e:'e3`i3'd!ar9"2oy" r$"d*`a:"kw'k&'e:'- j:`7"2a!"e+'k&'e:' r$"m%"a!ao0"az"q/`q>1l}`d!aqz'et`- h$"k?"23`d!ao{`m0"m<"c*"hw"lv"d%"*'h!1 f$'k_`m(`a&`f!"i/'c|"b>1k|"kt`q01f!"ey" d!adt"i:"k_`k%"r("mw`e)"f>'- kw'k_`k%" e~'bz'i:`6"a!`*'a('l!`*`i7`d{"ev'k&'k?'- hw"bx1i:"k.'k?"*'k!"8"r("2o{`m0"kv`d%" i:'_"j+`qu"n/"2?'$"f>'a:`kt`c!aov"k&' k?'- f>'hw"_`c/"ix"e+`c!a*'pt'k}'|1kw' bv`p?`d!aq/"mt"py1c="2t1c*"p*'py1kw'k&' e:'d!aj!"c8"- d$"bv`p?`h3"b/'o/"i:1d!a e~'bz'oy"q0'ky'y1iz'*"d!a*'k!"r%`qx'q>`- kw'k&'e:'h$"a&'o0"az"q/`d{"b>1oy"q>1l}` i/"ow`}"~1- gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg #a/#i 8"d/1j!"t" ,Cacti3 ,The ,Prickly ,Plants ,That ,Rule the ,Desert r_'m<"a/`hw`a!`"1et'gu1ax` ;-*"a:"d&"j:1-2 d!a6"q>` by ,Jamie ,Blackler ,In the scorching hot sands of ,North ,America1 only the toughest forms of life can survive4 ,In these areas1 temperatures frequently soar above #de8 ,C1 and it seldom rains4 ,Although these conditions would kill most living things on ,Earth1 they don't seem to bother one of nature's most durable plants3 the cactus4 ,Cacti don't resemble most plants you find growing in fields or gardens4 ,Their stalks are covered with hundreds of sharp needles called spines1 which take the place of ordinary leaves4 ,Spines prevent animals from feasting on the inner part of the cactus4 ,They also help to store large amounts of water in the plant's roots and stems1 so it's possible for cacti to survive for more than a year without any rain4 ,Scientists have identified over #a1hjj species of cacti in all shapes and sizes4 ,Some cacti are big and round1 while others are as flat as a board4 ,You can purchase miniature cacti in pots to decorate your desk at work4 ,On the other end of the spectrum1 the largest cactus ever discovered was nearly #ah meters tall and weighed nearly #b1bbj kilograms4 ,Although nature has equipped cacti with natural defenses1 they don't always escape our dinner plates4 ,In ,Mexico1 the fruit of the ,Opuntia cactus is a popular snack4 ,Nicknamed the 8prickly pear01 it tastes a lot like a sweet and juicy watermelon4 ,With some sugar added1 it can also be transformed into a tasty jelly4 ,For a heartier meal1 the pads of the ,Opuntia can be sliced into strips and fried with eggs and peppers1 becoming a filling breakfast4 33333333333333333333 hw"o0`m0`a('b:"g!"d!ai>'d*"ix"2a:`s` h$"j.1gu"d!a/"a&`jw1nz1iz'j=1- hw"a!"e+' d*"j|'2j*"='ky'bx1o{'p<"i!"i:"e:"i:1/` d/"j+`k*1i%`e)"|`- e$'gv1a!"e+'f{1kt"r$" gx"d*"js1ix"d>"d3'i/"d!aiz'/"/1q>`j=1 r312dv"d$"|1h:"gv1k+"nw"i("c*"h$"k%'a:1 /"a:'*'d!aet'gu1ax`e:"r/'o/"k("bz1="f*1- et'gu1ax`|`n*`nz1q>'et"iz'ax`hw"ft1+` r3"r9'~1c*`d!ad>"d3'i/"a:1/"oy"o/"e.' e:"- f>'mu1d!aky'ix"q/"kw"a!ai/"*`ow` k*",bz'h3"j:"d!akt'g$"au'a_"/"2j*1j|`dw" c!ap/`f&'d!a+"h:a- j:"qx1a:`d&"/"*`et' gu1ax`d!an0"o/"$1i:1- f>'mu1rw1s`a/"|1 hw"kw'a:1/"d!aku'ky'b/1j=1d>"c."d!ai$`2 ?'j:`ks"e}"*'d*'|`d('m01e)"2et'gu1ax`+` l!`nz1j=1r31*'nt1*`ix"- l!'e81k)'*`ky' q>'et"*'jt'o>'ow`d3'a&`k!"i:"ey1a_"k*1 d>"e{`d!aet'gu1ax`- s`e+'et'gu1ax`d>":1 ~12s`e+'h!1e."ov`h:a*'."ot`py1- n*`l!`*` k("mw`a_'hw"r9'pu1a&'d!a$1ey1et'gu1ax` cw1a_'i:"ov"k&'a3'- cy"*'qx'mt"2*`q>'et" d!ah$"d>"et'gu1ax`k.'k?"i:1o>'k&'b:`k%'2 j+`a&"d>1k.'k?"c.`jt'c.`ow`:"i:1k&'k?'- e$'gv1d>"h:"gv1$"et'gu1ax`p0"o0"c!aft' gv1qx1|"j3"i:'2f>'mu1s`i:1rw1i:"f%1o/" b/'3`mu1d!ajv'pv1- hw"m<"e*'k!'2t'a:'et' gu1ax`d!ak3`i:1i:"*'a&`i("r}'y1d!adt` e?'- f>'o0"n*"bz'$1;-j:"c*1-22$"d%"ru` e."ft1m0`d3'a:'d!ae*'k9'- k)'g/"*'e+'fx1 r("2f>'+`nz1ot"bz1m0`$"d!ak3`d&"- e.`{" kz"qz'iz"d!a*'jv'2l!`*`k.'et'gu1ax`d!a g("j+'bz1f{1a_"2oy"rv"k*'dv"|`ft1k{'*' j*`b%`2h3"b/'gx"gu1o%`jv'*'d="d!ah%`dt`- 33333333333333333333 8,Words in ,Use0 #a4 tough a4 j.1gu"d!a2kt'k/"d!a ,This window is too tough to break4 a!"iv"b_'h:akt'k/"d%"d>`o/"p<"- #b4 frequently adv4 ky'bx12p?1qv1d*" ,Mary frequently shows up late for work1 which leaves a bad impression on her boss4 m>`c*"ix"ov'ky'bx1b:1d%"2gx"c%`ov`cs1 e)"o/"r%`d!a?"e."- #c4 soar vi4 pv'iz' ,Because of the energy crisis1 the price of petrol has soared in recent months4 ?'$"nz1~1$1k*'2i:1s1k)"k!1h$"k?"k*`k!" 8"k*1e/"ix"ax`- 99 petrol n4 j*"s1{y'i:"6"q>`o #d4 durable a4 b:1ks`d!a;nw"6"d!a ,Mahogany is durable1 so it's often used to make furniture4 r&1m/"ru`nw"6"2e3`*`bx1o0"6"cw1a:"h%" k)'k|"- 99 mahogany n4 r&1m/"2f%1r9'e?'m/" #e4 resemble vt4 e."2|`"""e.'e:" ,After the massive earthquake1 the city resembled a battlefield4 hw"n>"bx`j.1c+"d*"au"k3"r("2a!"h3"bz1 i:"r%`e:"av"bx`*'ov'- #f4 stem n4 {a:1/"d!ao ky'2kz` ,The petals of this kind of cherry blossom are almost purely white and tinged with the palest of pinks near the stem4 a!"a&`y'r9'd!ar9'ov"k?"r/'j~1ow12:1l%" k?"ky'd!ad*"qx'bv'h>1a!ak*1dv"d!aqu`r&1 e!"- 99 be tinged with''' bv'h>1a!a""" #g4 identify vt4 j8"gu"2gu"dy" identify ,A as ,B_ k.' ,A gu"dy"$1 ,B ,Kathy identified the purse as hers by telling the shopkeeper what it contained4 lw`e*'e."dt"a/`i3'b/'jt1o%'n0"d!ad&' e*acw1j8"gu"a!"k!"jt1o%'i:"f>'d!a- #h4 miniature a4 $1ey1d!a2m*1n*`d!a ,This miniature bike is for my three- year-old nephew4 a!"c."m*1n*`k{`f>"b!'i:"{"k0`3`ev'e$" 7"iz'd!a- #i4 hearty a4 qz'iz"d!a ,After a hearty breakfast1 we set out to climb the mountain4 b:'}1qz'iz"d!ah%`jv'r("23`mu1ks"b/'q>' j|"dz'iv'c!a- 33333333333333333333 8,Words for ,Reference0 ? cacti n4 et'gu1ax`{q/"i/"ey1o cactus n4 et'gu1ax`{dv'i/"ey1o ? prickly a4 d3'j:"d!a ? stalk n4 {a:1/"d!ao ky'2kz` ? spine n4 {d&",a:1/"d!ao j:"2au' ? spectrum n4 k_'p/`;qv"$1 33333333333333333333 8,Practical ,Phrases0 #a4 be covered with/ in''' q/"kw" a!a""" ,Jeff's face was covered with frosting after the pie-eating contest4 k+1q/'jv'k)'}1b:'pw"d>"ew"r("2ct`ix" d('i:"fx1i_'- #b4 take the place of''' j|`dw"/ dw" f*"""" .k replace vt4 ,Electronic receipts have gradually taken the place of traditional paper ones4 dt"h:`q>'p{"*`a/1kt"j|`dw"b}1f&`d!aa:` ou`q>'p{"- #c4 feast on''' e.`6"/ t"e.`""" ,We will feast on ham and turkey at the church dinner4 3`mu1k.'hw"k{"r$"d!a}`t"ix"e.`6"r3`f$` rv"r3`k*'- #d4 equip ,A with ,B 6" ,B a_'o0" ,A ,The fire department equipped its firefighters with special utility knives4 kw'e{'qx1d$"q>'k0`d$"~1f!"i/'6"f/1d!a e{`d%'- #e4 be transformed into''' a}`ot" bz1""" ,With a tap of the magician's wand1 the bunny was transformed into a bird4 m<1i/"i:'jy'dt`m<1ax"2e{`f/"h:aks"ot" bz1*'a:'n{`c!a- 99 wand n4 ax";ox" gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg #a/#aj 8"d/1j!"t" ,Cacti3 ,The ,Prickly ,Plants ,That ,Rule the ,Desert r_'m<"a/`hw`a!`"1et'gu1ax` ,If you've ever watched an ,American cowboy film1 you've probably seen a saguaro4 ,These iconic cacti are tall and majestic1 hovering over the landscape in the southwestern ,,US4 ,Saguaros often have large arms that extend upwards toward the sky4 ,Under the right circumstances1 saguaros can live to be over #aej years old1 but they grow very slowly4 ,It can take them #aj years to grow their first inch4 ,Yet1 if they survive into old age1 they can grow to be #ab meters tall4 ,Saguaros are also known for their sweet-scented flowers1 which smell like melons4 ,Though they are enormous1 saguaros aren't as rugged as other cacti species4 ,They don't deal well with cold weather and frost1 so they have difficulty growing at high elevations4 ,Saguaros also require more water than other cacti1 so long dry seasons can cause them to die out4 ,Even after death1 saguaros are quite valuable1 though4 ,Birds frequently peck holes in dead saguaros and use them as nests4 ,Builders can also use the ribs of dead saguaros to construct fences or produce furniture4 ,In addition to natural deaths1 saguaros are often under threat from criminals who steal the cacti and sell them for profit4 ,When ,Americans realized that the number of saguaros was declining1 they demanded that the government take action4 ,So1 in #aicc1 ,,US ,President ,Herbert ,Hoover established the ,Saguaro ,National ,Monument4 ,This set aside an area in ,Arizona where saguaros are protected4 ,President ,John ,F4 ,Kennedy expanded the region in #aifa by adding over #fd square kilometers to the monument4 ,The extra care and increased territory enabled the saguaro to thrive4 ,Government officials further upgraded the monument to ,Saguaro ,National ,Park in #aiid1 so future generations could appreciate this remarkable symbol of the ,American ,West4 #a4 ,What is the function of cactus spines8 7,A7 ,They prevent cacti from storing too much water4 7,B7 ,They protect cacti from things that might attack it4 7,C7 ,They help the cacti turn sunlight into energy just like leaves4 7,D7 ,They provide a feast for animals who try to hurt the cacti4 #b4 ,What statement about the ,Opuntia cactus is true8 7,A7 ,They are about the size of a ripe watermelon4 7,B7 ,People say they taste exactly like pears4 7,C7 ,They contain poison and should not be eaten4 7,D7 ,They can be cooked and eaten for breakfast4 #c4 ,When was ,Saguaro ,National ,Park founded8 7,A7 #aicc4 7,B7 #aiid4 7,C7 #aifa4 7,D7 #aej years ago4 #d4 ,What is mentioned about dead saguaros8 7,A7 ,Birds will build homes inside of the cacti4 7,B7 ,The ,,US government takes them to a special park4 7,C7 ,People will use their ribs to create machines4 7,D7 ,All of the above4 33333333333333333333 g/1k3`lv"k3"m0`k31e*'o/"pt"2n*`ks"s` l!`nz1lv"k3"k|"a/"et'gu1ax`- a!"e+'a:` o{'ey"d!aet'gu1ax`k%'d>"e61$`2k%'e~1hw" m0`k31e*'nv1o/"d!ad*"ky`a:'ix"- k|"a/" et'gu1ax`f&'bx16`s`e."ix"t1iu'a:"ft'l&' d!ak|"d>"i(`o*"- hw"i:"dx"d!ajy1l_"e)"2 k|"a/"et'gu1ax`l!`*`r31b%'k3"*'ow`/`i:1 nt12dv"f>'mu1d!aiz'ax`e/"d/"q0'bx1r}` mv"- f>'mu1l!`nz1d0`r9'ix"i:1nt1jw1nz1 ax`b/'d*"*'y'j="- gv1:12{"i:"f>'mu1r31 d%"}`nt12ks"l!`*`ax`d%"i:1:"k&'b:`k%'- k|"a/"et'gu1ax`+`?'j*1j*"$"e.'ft1d!ar9' d3`:1=1my12=1j*`cw1ks"e."e.'k9'- e$'gv1k|"a/"et'gu1ax`ru`k|"d>"2dv"f>' mu1oy"o/"e."j*1f>'et'gu1ax`n>"."j.1gu"- f>'mu1o/"fw"nz1y"q/"rv1cz`d!aft'j*"rv" i_'2?'j:`nv1*`hw"k%'rw`o>1d*"j|'iz'ax`- k|"a/"et'gu1ax`+`o*`j*1f>'et'gu1ax`e|'{" kz"d3'd!ai$`2?'j:`mv"bx1d!akv'k*"l!`nz1 d%`a:"f>'mu1e:`k_'- gv1:12k*1ot"e:`d{" c!a2k|"a/"et'gu1ax`+`e.'dx's`k)"a:1- n{`c0"ky'bx1hw"e:`_1d!ak|"a/"et'gu1ax` ix"a31d&"h3"$1b%1e8"- kt"ix'+`nz1i:`6" e:`d{"k|"a/"et'gu1ax`d!acz1cw1kt"h%"a>" cv1r3"iz'bv`k)'k|"- b/1c!ah:"gv1e:`_1*` 7"2k|"a/"et'gu1ax`rw1ky'bx1h%'i("d%"j|` kw'et'gu1ax`oy"qv"i("m(1c*"d!ah$"qv"$' e+1- dx'm0`k31gu1*"i:"d%"k|"a/"et'gu1ax`d!a i/"c."az"hw"e)"k."i:12f>'mu1{'js1az"q/` jw`j|`ey1d&"- ?'j:`2m0`k31h&`f&`r!"o<1 f!"-r/1q<1|1 #aicc nt1kt"c*"c!ak|"gu1a/" k31k)'k*"nt"j|'- a!"$"k|"a/"et'gu1ax`hw" )"c*"ex'n>"a('cs1e)"*'l7"o%`r/"j|'- 8' rv"-kv'nw`d*1h&`f&`|1 #aifa nt1l3"d>"kw' j|'|"2e?'hz'b%'k3"cs"i:1e:"py1qx'k&'c*` a:"kw'k*"nt"j|'- !17"d!ao%`r/"|`hz'k)' d!aqv"$1i:`k|"a/"et'gu1ax`a31a_"iz'ax`- az"q/`k}'~1hw" #aiid nt1k?"*'o/"k.'kw' k*"nt"j|'iz'k!1$1k|"gu1a/"k31k)'k&'~12*` ot"r("dw"nz1k("e?'ix`dw"o{`m0`k31e*'o/" d!aa!"a&`q0'qv1e."az'- #a4 et'gu1ax`j:"d!ak&'nz1i:"iu1m!ao 7,A7 f>'mu1h/`a:`et'gu1ax`b/1j=1fw"d3' i$`qu"- 7,B7 f>'mu1o%`r/"et'gu1ax`mt`|1l!`nz1 k&'k*1f>'d!ad&'e*a- 7,C7 f>'mu1e."+"h:a*'."ox'a/"et'gu1ax` k.'.1k_'a}`bz1nz1c."- 7,D7 f>'mu1$"e.`{"ix'rw"et'gu1ax`d!a d&"/"f*1k&'d>"jv'- #b4 k}'|1t'a:'et'gu1ax`d!an>`*'k!"e|" i/"az"j8"o 7,A7 f>'mu1d>"8'i:"bz1i/1e*'k9'd!ad>" e{`- 7,B7 gu1mu1o{`i:"f>'mu1bx1j*`cw1ks"rv" c*1h:a*'m/1*'."- 7,C7 f>'mu1s`d/1j+`o/"kw'o0"i:16"- 7,D7 gu1mu1l!`*`k.'f>'mu1a/`bz1h%`jv' i:16"- #c4 k|"gu1a/"k31k)'k&'~1|1r!1i:1b_" c*"o 7,A7 #aicc nt1- 7,B7 #aiid nt1- 7,C7 #aifa nt1- 7,D7 *'ow`/`i:1nt1jt1- #d4 ou`=1f*1k*1n>`e."k}'|1e:`d{"d!ak|" a/"et'gu1ax`d!ae|"i/"o 7,A7 n{`c0"r$"hw"kw'et'gu1ax`n0"o/"a/1 b%1- 7,B7 m0`k31az"q/`k.'f>'mu1dw"d%"*'h3" f!"o+1d!ak&'~1- 7,C7 gu1mu1k.'i:`6"f>'mu1d!acz1cw1b_" h%"k*'j*"- 7,D7 *`ix"k+'i:"- d>1v"33 #a4 ,B #b4 ,D #c4 ,B #d4 ,A 33333333333333333333 8,Words in ,Use0 #a4 iconic a4 a:`o{'ey"d!a2k|"dw"o{` ey"d!a ,Tokyo ,Tower is an iconic landmark in ,Tokyo4 d&'ky'f+`f>`i:"d&'ky'k|"dw"o{`ey"d!a d*"o{'- #b4 majestic a4 e61$`d!a;a_"c*"d!a ,The majestic scenery of the ,Grand ,Canyon will leave you breathless4 d>"e)1k/`d!aa_"c*"ky`e!"k.'gx"n*`oy` e*1ny1iu1- #c4 landscape n4 qz'ky`2ky`e!" ,That national park is famous for its volcanic landscape4 n>"h3"k31k)'k&'~1*`j*1r3`iv'ky`k}':1=1 my1- #d4 extend vt4 t1iu';t1bx1 ,This project's deadline has been extended to next ,Friday4 a!"e."j*"r9"v"d!a}1bz1j*1et"t1d%"e)" ey'j*1/`- #e4 circumstance n4 jy1l_"2r}1ky"{bx1 6"q/"i/"o ,Under no circumstances+ d%"a_'k|" k81o/"""" ,Under no circumstances will ,I apologize to ,Jessica4 3`k81d$"o/"r$"e."k+1e*'l>`d%"jt"- #f4 enormous a4 k|"d>"d!a2px1d>"d!a ,The earthquake left an enormous crack running down the middle of the road4 a!"bx`d*"au"gx"d%"c/"a&'.'b/'et"*'d%" k|"d>"d!ac+"qz"- #g4 rugged a4 j.1kt"d!a2kt'k/"nw"6" d!a;j*1j|'d!a ,Justin is purchasing a rugged mountain bike to ride on his journey around the island4 k)`e:'fy'a=`o0"{"mw`*'o/"kt'k/"nw"6" d!adz'iv'h:"ey1b!'gx"h:"k*`j*1j|"r}1d%` c|`ey1- #h4 construct vt4 kt"h%" ,How the pyramids in ,Egypt were constructed still remains a mystery4 w'k*1d!ak?'h:"f>`i:"g/1r!1kt"h%"d!a2 a:"k?'gz1i:"k!"m*1- #i4 decline vi4 e)"k."2i7'f$" ,With the advent of television1 radio dramas started declining4 e$1a!adt"i:"="i:"2k_`o<"k|"ot"lw'i:` i:"$1- 99 advent n4 b/'et" #aj4 establish vt4 kt"c*"2i!"c*" ,A priest established this charity in #aihg4 *'$"m/"i:'hw" #aihg nt1b_"ov"c!aa!"k!" j:1iv"k*'k("- #aa4 expand vt4 l3"d>"2l3"ax' ,My father expanded the backyard to make room for a swimming pool4 3`o>"o>"o>`r("~"l3"hz'*`n31b/'l&'kt' cw1kw"s16`b:1- #ab4 thrive vi4 m%"iz"iz'ax`;qv1g&1 ,Only a few plants can thrive in dry climates4 a:`s`i%`i/"a:1/"nz1k("hw"kv'h%"d!aj*" r("a&'m%"iz"iz'ax`- 33333333333333333333 8,more to ,learn0 scorching hot k*1g!"d!a scorching adv4 & a4 l/"g!"d*"{d!ao ,The scorching sun beat down upon our heads as we walked through the desert4 3`mu1rz18"i>'m<"i:12t".1k%'a%"a:1i!" f(1dy`- ---------------------------------------- s`e+'et"hw"qu'j:1l!`h3"q/"j:16"2s` very d!a*"$"2es'i:"j*1r("d!aey1g&1j:1- *`e)"c+"k|`bx1kt"d!aj:`c0"et"hw"qu'j:1 6"q>`33 a4 boiling/ piping hot_ k*1g!"d!a b4 freezing/ biting cold_ k*1cz`d!a ,I don't want to go outside because it's freezing cold today4 3`o/"e.`b/'j|"2?'$"k?'ft'7"mt"b%'cz` d!a- c4 soaking wet_ i:'f("d!a ,Joe was caught in a heavy rain and went home soaking wet4 >'j{1|"ix"d>"|`2r$1d%"k)'i:1r=1iu'i:' f("c!a- d4 hopping mad q0'bx1iz'j*"d!a ,Linda was hopping mad about the mistake that ,Tim had made in the document4 f*1m/`hw"=1kt"c*`qv"d!aj3"/"gx"c?1d>1 j*"d%"f{"k{`- upwards adv4 e."ix"d*" ,Emily turned her face upwards to the sun4 w"m*"c*"fw1f(1mt"e."fw".1- ---------------------------------------- h:"i(` up d!a*"e:'$1;-e."ix"-22*`e)" c+"k|`k*`k!"*` up $1h:"i(`d!abx16"dv' h:"33 a4 upgrade vt4 i:`iz'k*12f*1iz' ,Ken upgraded the antivirus software on his computer to increase security4 >'lu`k.'dt"n%`d!aqx1d/1g}`f*`iz'k*1cw1 hz'k)'v'j~1ey"- b4 update vt4 kz'e?' ,When you move1 don't forget to update your contact number and address4 ov'k)'i:12o+1_"c!akz'e?'n*`d!act1c3" dt"r9"k*1d*"a:`- c4 upload vt4 ix"b}1 ,Gina uploads her photos to her blog regularly4 k*1n>"dy"j*1ix"b}1h:"k*`d!aa%"pt"d%" o/"c3"k!1ix"- d4 upstairs adv4 _`c(1ix";hw"c(1ix" & a4 c(1ix"d!a ,Could you go upstairs to answer the phone8 n*`l!`*`ix"c(1j|"k+'dt"r9"m>ao ,The upstairs window was left open4 c(1ix"d!ab_'r/"m01k}'- 33333333333333333333 8,Grammar ,Tips0 ,When ,Americans realized that the number of saguaros was declining1 they demanded that the government take action4 *`e)"k+"i%"*"a:"d&"j:1d!a6"q>` 99 demand o{`;-{'js1-2 i:1$1*"a:"d&" j:12j*1r("e3`k+'d!a that h:`k|"a&'e|'i:` 6"a/"d&"j:1 should1 dv" should l!`|`*` iz`c8"2a:1k+'k+'~1ey1d&"j:12ey1bz1 8,S+ *"a:"d&"j:1+ that+ ,S+ 7should7+ ~1ey1 d&"j:10 d!a6"q>`- *"a:"d&"j:1k&"k*"s`*` e)"/`d>"c0"33 kt"*"33 suggest1 recommend1 advise1 urge1 propose1 move4 {'js133 ask1 desire1 demand1 require1 request4 my"cy"33 order1 command4 k$'dy"33 rule1 regulate1 stipulate1 prescribe4 a/`ax'33 insist1 advocate1 maintain4 ,Christine demanded that ,Robert 7should7 apologize to her for his rude comments4 l!"c*"e:'fy'{'js1c31o<1f!"$"f>'/1c*` d!at1c="e."f>'d%"jt"- ,I advised that ,Peter 7should7 save money for a rainy day4 3`kt"*"o*`d!1y'kw'{"j=1jt1*`o0"o/"i:1 a:'e|'- ,The contract stipulates that we 7should7 finish the project by the beginning of ,July4 j*"8'k$'dy"3`mu1y'hw"j*'8"*`jt1}1bz1 a!"e."a}'v"- ,Lisa's father insists that she 7should7 get home before #aj p4 m4 every night4 c*"i>'d!ao>"o>"kt'b:1f>'m0`ft'}`ix"i:1 dt`jt1{"r$1d%"k)'- ---------------------------------------- ky'e~`i:"f*1 ,Our teacher ordered that ,Edwin ---- quiet in class4 7,A7 is 7,B7 was 7,C7 be 7,D7 to be d>1v"33 ,C 33333333333333333333 8,Words for ,reference0 ? saguaro n4 k|"a/"et'gu1ax` ? frost n4 i_' ? elevation n4 rw`o>1k%'d/" ? peck vt4 & vi4 a31 ? rib n4 {et'gu1ax`d!ao cz1{et'gu1ax` ky'ix"i/"f{1f/1j*`h&'e."pw1c+"d!ao/" qu"o;c!"k/` 33333333333333333333 8,Practical ,Phrases0 #a4 hover over''' hw""""ix"l&'pv1e~1 hover vi4 {n{`,a:1iz'k*'dz`o pv1e~12 e~1fy1 ,A hawk hovered over the prairie1 searching for its prey4 *'a:'c%`y'hw"d>"j%`~1ix"pv1e~12e41a%` a!ac+"/"- #b4 have difficulty ,V-ing h3""""s`l=" nv1 .k have trouble ,V-ing .k have problems ,V-ing .k have a hard time ,V-ing ,Ben seemed to have difficulty focusing on his work today4 >'ov'k?'ft'e:"r/'ru`nv1a}'a/"hw"k&'h3" ix"- #c4 die out m+"k812k81k*' ,Scientists thought this species of bird died out hundreds of years ago4 l!'e81k)'gu"$1a!"a&`n{`c0"hw"k*`ow`nt1 jt1ks"*`ky'k81k*'c!a- #d4 take action_ jw`j|`ey1d&" ,The bank took legal action when the company failed to repay its loan4 ?1rx1hw"kw'k&'e:'/1q>`bx1r}1dw"l}`i:1 jw`j|`c!aq>`c|"ey1d&"- #e4 set aside'''/ set''' aside {$"m(`a&`m/"d*"o o%`cs1/ o<'b/'""" ,No matter how busy ,Jack is1 he always sets aside time to read to his daughter every night4 o/"k}`s`d3'mx12k+1l!"m0`}`h&`r$"cs1dt` i:1kt'nt"k/"i:"k0`n|`:1fy'- #f4 enable sb to ,V i:`m(`gu1nz1k(" {h3"o""" ,Winning the lottery enabled ,Ethan to travel around the world4 a&"c!"f("gx"*'eu'd!1*`j|"r}1s1i:"k+"- gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg #a/#aa e?'=1y'|` ,New ,Findings ,Point to ,Cooperative ,Civilization lu`)"l%`k/`*1a:`q>'et"h%`j*1=1my1 /1k+'k*1a:'qu' ,Five thousand years ago1 nomadic ,East ,African herders lived in peaceful1 egalitarian communities that communicated intensively and worked together without a social hierarchy4 ,The conclusions of a #aj-year archaeological research project conducted by an international team of experts near ,Kenya's ,Lake ,Turkana contradict long-held ideas about the nature of early civilizations4 ,The team of anthropologists1 including researchers from ,Stony ,Brook ,University1 consider their research strong evidence that early communities did not necessarily develop powerful elites1 nor did they compete violently for scarce resources4 ,Instead1 some seem to have worked together to overcome challenges4 ,Associate ,Professor of ,Anthropology1 ,Elisabeth ,Hildebrand1 who led the study1 pointed out that these pastoralists came together in large numbers and expended tremendous amounts of energy in creating public architecture4 ,The main piece of evidence is a stone platform #cj meters in diameter with a large cavity in the center that served as an enormous communal cemetery4 ,All of the #ehj buried bodies discovered at the ,Lothagam ,North ,Pillar ,Site1 including those of small children1 were packed close together in the same area and adorned with elaborate ornaments4 ,Nothing in the arrangement suggested any social ranking or individual priority1 indicating the lack of social hierarchy1 discrimination1 and wealth inequality in the pastoralist community1 unlike agrarian societies that came later4 ,The site may also have served as a meeting place where people exchanged important information and renewed social ties4 ,Climate change eventually degraded the environment at ,Lothagam ,North2 rainfall decreased and ,Lake ,Turkana receded4 ,Hildebrand's team speculate that a period of economic and social instability may have followed4 ,Nevertheless1 this discovery points future researchers toward reevaluating similar examples in ,Africa and elsewhere4 #a4 ,Which of the following did ,,NOT characterize the community described in the reading8 7,A7 ,Communal4 7,B7 ,Cooperative4 7,C7 ,Competitive4 7,D7 ,Communicative4 #b4 ,What is the team's most surprising conclusion regarding the society examined8 7,A7 ,It apparently had no social hierarchy4 7,B7 ,They buried their dead communally4 7,C7 ,They were nomadic pastoralists4 7,D7 ,It may have been destroyed by climate change4 #c4 ,How did the team of researchers arrive at their conclusion about the ancient community8 7,A7 ,By determining the positioning of the platform to the large cavity4 7,B7 ,After some speculation about how climate change affected the community4 7,C7 ,By providing the evidence of how complex the whole site was4 7,D7 ,After discovering how the bodies were arranged in the cemetery4 33333333333333333333 /`jt'nt1jt12s1m/"d!ad&'q0'm/"m?1iz'r31 hw"r!1py1,py1dz`d!ai!"j41a&'2f>'mu1m*" k*1k('f&'oy"o/"qu'i!"r$"k+'k*1*'j*`c%1 d&"- lu`)"f/1:`l>`n>"r/1q/"k?"*'k!"k31 k*"a}'k)'f}1d$"k?"ey1i:1nt1l%`k/`t1ks" k*"r9"e3`d!1d!ak+1c="|`bx1ks`*`cw1gu"$1 d!ah%`j*1=1my1ey"a:1kw"nt"e.'o0"- o%'k9' i:1e*'d>"e81t1ks"gu1~1hw"n0"d!agu1c0"e81 k)'f}1d$"gu"$1f>'mu1d!at1ks"i:"h%`j*1i!" j41$"o*"r$"4"|"b/'j.1d>"ky'y'd!as`c*"az" k|"2f>'mu1+`o/"r$"k*'c+"d*"ky"az'e*'s` h:'~1- e.'qv`d*"2dx'a&'s`e+'gu1e:"r/'k&" f&1n/`c*"*`l!"q/1f{`av"- cy`d%`kw't1ks"d!agu1c0"e81q/"k{"i("*' c*"i>'ow1-e*':`o/"cv1d!1a:`b/'2a!"e+'m/" m?1d>"p*'k|"k*1oy"r9'q0"d>"c."ky'c*"b_" h%"k&'k&"kt"a/1- a/`{"d!a*'e."az"k|"i:" *'k!"i:1f(1py1fw12j*1a:1ky"ev'i:1k&'b:` j+`a&'.'s`*'k!"h3"$1k|"d>"k&'m/"d!ad>" d&"- hw"c3"f>`ku'o0`a/"*1a:`q>'et"d!ae3` s`/`ow`o>'i:1k|"mw1hx"d!a*1f*`{o%'k9'e{` rw1h:ao d('k?`m*"d*"o0"*'j*`d$'a:"|1f&1 *'j|'|"2oy"a_'i:"a!aky'm0`d!ai:"p?`- a!" ."d!aow`qx"qx'i:"a&'m01s`v"i:"gu"r!1i!" r$"d*"$"r3"k!"gu1s'et'i="e|"d!ajy1l_"j=1 hw"2et`i:"b/'kw'm/"m?1i!"j41m01s`i!"r$" k+'k*1,b>'o+1dw"|"*`k*1p?1q/"o/"k4'2s` o+1|1r("cw1b/'et"d!an&1+"i!"r$"- kw'*1 a:`l!`nz1+`i:"*'k!"gu1mu1k{'r}"a&"{"h:' e4"k*1o%`b:1i!"r$"ct1e*"d!ak|"r$"bx1e3`- j*"r("ot"jt'h$"a&'i:`c3"f>`ku'o0`o/" d!ar}1ky"!"r9";k."|`kt`i%`d%`a:"f/1:`l>` n>"r/1e{'f$"- e*':`o/"cv1d!1d!af}1d$"f$' j!"ky'k*"rv"i!"r$"ix"o/"=`dy"d!ai:1j*1 l!`nz1e$1a:':1cw1- k?`k}`g/1j:`2a!"*'q>' et"$"$"cw1d!at1ks"gu1~1b&1e?'py1k/'hw" q0'a('rv"j*1f>'d*"qx'd!ae.'e:"v"c*"a:` b/'qx'e."- #a4 e)"c+"r!1a!`oy"q0'ou`=1e3`i/"i!" j41d!af!"az'o 7,A7 k*1f*`d!a- 7,B7 r!1h3"d!a- 7,C7 ky"az'd!a- 7,D7 k{'k*"d!a- #b4 k}'|1n>`k!"o0"d{"b>1d!ai!"r$"2kw' f}1d$"h$"ky'gu1d!ak+1c="i:"iu1m!ao 7,A7 f>'et`gv1m01s`i!"r$"k+'k*1- 7,B7 f>'mu1k*1f*`v'hx"e:`a!`- 7,C7 f>'mu1i:"s1m/"d!am/"m?1- 7,D7 f>'l!`nz1h%'d%"j*"r("ot"jt'r$` m+"- #c4 k}'|1kw'k/`c%`i!"j412t1ks"f}1d$" g/1r!1d!1b/'k+1c="o 7,A7 k+"s1j8"dy"kw'py1fw1a:'|1k|"d>" d&"e8"d!ae.'d$"$"a:"- 7,B7 hw"*'e+'k}'|1j*"r("ot"jt'g/1r!1y` e.`kw'i!"j41d!af$'j!"a:'r("- 7,C7 k+"s1f*1k&'az`k!"*1a:`s`d3'q/"h>1 d!aaz"k|"- 7,D7 hw"q>'et"*1f*`|1m/"d*"a&'i:"g/1 r!1o0"ow`qx"a:'r("- d>1v"33 #a4 ,C #b4 ,A #c4 ,D 33333333333333333333 8,Words in ,Use0 #a4 cooperative a4 r!1h3"d!a ,I highly recommend this young man because he is dutiful and cooperative4 3`d>"c*"f$'kt"a!"$"nt1jy'gu12?'$"f>' ru`k?"h!1s"lu`r!1h3"- 99 dutiful a4 k?"h!1d!a #b4 intensively adv4 m*"k*1d*" ,Ian's coach trains him intensively on the weekends4 *'u'd!ak{"ct"m0`a('m<"d$"f>'k?"ey1m*" k*1e4"ct"- #c4 conduct vt4 k?"ey1{t1ks",d{"b>1 dz`o ,We conducted a survey about consumer attitude towards organic foods4 3`mu1k?"ey1*'e."k}'|1e{'q0"a!`d$"s`k*' i:1/"fw"d/"d!a="k~"d{"b>1- #d4 contradict vt4 |`"""m%1d=" ,The suspect contradicted himself numerous times when he was questioned by the police4 kw'et1qv"k+'i("ky`qx'au'e4"i:12i3'j:1 *'a:1h:"e.'m%1d="- #e4 evidence n4 az"k|"{o/"l!`i/`o ,All the evidence suggests that it was ,John who stole the money4 e3`s`az"k|"k+'et`i:"i:"8'rv"f('c!ajt1- #f4 expend vt4 r9'q0" ,A great deal of money was expended in building the new office4 ey'kt"a!"kt'e?'ov"k&'i:"e3`q0"o/"h:'- #g4 tremendous a4 k*1d>"d!a2k|"d>"d!a ,Mr4 ,Hank's company has achieved tremendous success this year4 rv"l!"et'iz'd!ak&'e:'k?'nt1e.'dx'bz1 k&'- #h4 communal a4 k&'k&"d!a communally adv4 k&"f&1d*" ,The apartment has four separate bedrooms and a communal kitchen4 a!"d&"k&'|"6`s`e:"kt'd/1c*"d!a3"i:"*` k*1*'kt'k&"6"b/1qx1- #i4 elaborate a4 ky'a:"d!a;ky'e?'a:" h3"d!a ,The celebrity showed up at the awards ceremony with an elaborate hairdo4 a!"$"my1gu1*`*'f(1ky'e?'i!"k*"d!aq>` ey1b/'e*1ov'k.`dt`c*`- #aj4 priority n4 s'et'i:"e." a/ one's top priority m(`gu1d!ad*"*'s'et'/ dx'/"a:'k*1 ,Taking care of my sick father is my top priority at this time4 a%"k/"3`iz'oy"d!aq/"j?'i:"3`m/"jt1s' et'{"h3"d!ai:"- #aa4 discrimination n4 b>'o+1dw"|";j*1 i:" ,Dan sued his previous employer for discrimination4 >'dv'?'$"jt1k/"a/`d!aj*1i:":1l&"k%" f>'- #ab4 speculate vt4 f$'j!"2f$'d}" speculation n4 f$'j!"2e:'e3` ,The coach speculated that the rookie would quit within a week4 kw'k{"ct"f$'j!"n>"k!"e?'gu1y'kw'r$"hw" *'a('n0"f$"b/'js1d$"- 99 rookie n4 e?'i(`2jw"n{` #ac4 nevertheless adv4 k?`k}`g/1j:` ,Henry is nice2 nevertheless1 ,I don't like him4 rz'c*"gu1ru`r%`2o/"k3"3`o/"e*`r}'f>'- #ad4 characterize vt4 *`"""$1f!"az'/ f!"e!" ,A common cold is characterized by sneezing1 coughing1 and a runny nose4 *'ov'kv`m%"d!aaz"a_"i:"d>`pu'f*",l!1 e("rv"cs1o*1i$`- 33333333333333333333 8,Grammar ,Tips0 i/"h:"+ d/"c.1dv'$"+ in diameter a:1 ky"s`/ d>1""" diameter n4 a:1ky" radius n4 ov"ky" ,The damage from the bomb was #ej meters in diameter4 n>"m01a>"dv"d!ai>'ix'qv"$1hw"a:1ky"/` i:1k&'b:`n0"- ---------------------------------------- ey1g&1d>"e{`r3"b:`j="i:12o{`bx1,l}', k%',iu'd/",r("d/",a:1ky"dz`my1j:1bx1|` k+"j:1 in oy"6"2b/1a:1ky",ov"ky"7"2bx1 kt"a!`ix"s`e)"c+"33 a4 i/"h:"+ d/"c.1dv'$"+ in length bx1 d/"s`/ d>1""" ,A football field measures #abj yards in length4 *'k!"m0`i:"h/1js1bx`d!abx1d/"i:"*'ow` :"i:1m>`- b4 i/"h:"+ d/"c.1dv'$"+ in width l}' d/"s`/ d>1""" ,The river is #abj feet in width4 a!"f{1r!1l}'d>1*'ow`:"i:1y'b:`- c4 i/"h:"+ d/"c.1dv'$"+ in height k%' d/"s`/ d>1""" ,Mark is about six feet in height4 m>`l!"iu'k%'d>"8'cs"y'b:`- d4 i/"h:"+ d/"c.1dv'$"+ in depth iu' d/"s`/ d>1""" ,The swimming pool is five meters in depth4 kw's16`b:1iu'd>1/`k&'b:`- e4 i/"h:"+ d/"c.1dv'$"+ in thickness r("d/"s`/ d>1""" ,This chocolate bar is three centimeters in thickness4 a!"ku'j{`l!"c*"ox"r("d>1ev'k&'qu'- 33333333333333333333 8,Words for ,Reference0 ? nomadic a4 s1m/"d!a ? herder n4 m/"gu1 ? egalitarian a4 py1dz`a/`*"d!a ? hierarchy n4 k+'k*1a:"d/" ? archaeological a4 l%`k/`e81d!a ? long-held a4 *'k}"d!a;bx1j*1b:1s` d!a ? anthropologist n4 gu1c0"e81k)' anthropology n4 gu1c0"e81 ? pastoralist n4 m/"m?1 ? cavity n4 d&"2e8" ? cemetery n4 m/"d*"2k&'m/" ? agrarian a4 n&1+"d!a;f/`d*"d!a ? degrade vt4 i:`!"r9";ot`d*' ? recede vi4 r("f$" 33333333333333333333 8,Practical ,Phrases0 #a4 not necessarily''' $"o*"/ o/"*' dy"""" ,Those who are rich are not necessarily happy4 s`jt1gu1$"o*"l7"c!"- #b4 compete for''' ky"az'""" ,All the teams are competing for the championship4 e3`s`d$"/`d('hw"k{`a/1k}"k4'o%`h3"- #c4 serve as''' h3"$1"""a:'6";b&' dx'""" ,This book can also serve as a guide to cooking4 a!"ou`i/'+`l!`h3"$1pz'gu"d!aa:`nv1- #d4 be adorned with''' a_'i:"s`""" adorn vt4 a_'i:";i:`iz'e!" ,The rich man's house is adorned with many expensive antiques4 n>"k!"s`jt1gu1k)'a&'a_'i:"a!ae|`d3'x1 k$"d!ak/`d&`- gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg #a/#ab e?'d3'*" ,,NEW ,,TOEIC e?'d3'*"jy1ky"i:"f*1k&'c8" ,Part #e ,Incomplete ,Sentences ,Directions3 ,A word or phrase is missing in each of the sentences below4 ,Four answer choices are given below each sentence4 ,Select the best answer to complete the sentence4 ,Then mark the letter 7,A71 7,B71 7,C71 or 7,D7 on your answer sheet4 #a4 ,Ms4 ,Bliss didn't get the promotion1 not because she is not qualified1 ---- because she takes too many days off4 7,A7 and 7,B7 but 7,C7 either 7,D7 yet #b4 ---- all the businesses competing for our accounting contract1 ,Fortune ,Financial ,Services offers the most professional service4 7,A7 ,Between 7,B7 ,In 7,C7 ,Through 7,D7 ,Among #c4 ,We received yet another call from a client ---- invoice did not include sales tax4 7,A7 whose 7,B7 who 7,C7 that 7,D7 his #d4 ,Ron ,White ---- his success to his work ethic and positive attitude4 7,A7 attributes 7,B7 dedicates 7,C7 consults 7,D7 invests #e4 ,The new security guard said that he couldn't get used to ------- the night shift4 7,A7 work 7,B7 working 7,C7 worked 7,D7 works d>1v"33 #a4 ,B #b4 ,D #c4 ,A #d4 ,A #e4 ,B #a4 o/"c*"e:'n|`i:"m01r3"d!1iz'jt'oy" o/"i:"?'$"f>'h:'k!1o/"q/12:1i:"?'$"f>' jy`c!afw"d3'ft'k)"- a4 ou`f*1j!"i:"e)"c+"d$"dz`ct1k+'j:1 d!a6"q>`33 not''' but''' o/"i:"""":1i:"""" j:`d$"dz`ct1k+'j:1l!`ct1k+'d$"dz`d!a my1j:1,ey1g&1j:1,k+"j:1pt"|`r3"h:`k|"- ,David is not a flight attendant but a pilot4 d>"$"o/"i:"l&'q/1~12:1i:"q0'rx1~1- ,Working in the fashion industry is not glamorous but stressful4 hw"i:1ix"bv`+"c*`k&'h3"oy"o/"k_'et'c." c*"2qv`:1)'c*"ru`d>"- ,Victoria doesn't work in ,Chicago but in ,New ,York ,City4 $1d3'c*")"o/"i:"hw"a:'k)'k!'k&'h3"2:1 i:"hw"ns`8'i:"- ,Larry failed the math test not because he was stupid1 but because he didn't study4 cw"g$"i/"e81l%`o/"k*1k!1o/"i:"?'$"f>' ou"2:1i:"?'$"f>'m01nt"i/'- b4 and bx1|` both oy"6"2ey1bz1e)"c+" k+1k("33 both''' and''' """rv""""d(' ,Both ,Peter and ,Mary work very hard4 o*`d!1rv"m>`c*"d('ru`n/`c*"k&'h3"- c4 either e|'|` or oy"6"2ey1bz1e)"c+" k+1k("33 either''' or''' o/"i:""""ks"i:"""" ,John is either reading in his room or watching ,,TV in the living room4 8'rv"o/"i:"hw"qx1kt'c*`lv"i/'2ks"i:" hw"l!"fy'lv"dt"i:"- d4 l&"k!1jt1d*"*'k!"s1 because ?`d%` d!aq/"j:1h:`k|"a:'jt1s` not1 d!1a:'l&" k!1y'a:" but1 *`ct1k+'d*":"k!"s1 because ?`d%`d!aq/"j:1h:`k|"2k/" 7,B7 e."y'$1az" e~`- j*1f>'a&"dt` qualified a4 r!1k!1d!a be qualified for sth s`h:'k!1""" ,In my opinion1 ,Jenny is extremely qualified for the job4 *'3`a:'kt"2au'n*1}1j~1q/1r!1a!"qu"k&' h3"d!af{1kt"- #b4 e3`s`az'j|`3`qx'l7"k*"r!18'd!aj*" +"a:'a&'2jw1ey'k?'g&1q/1/"f*1k&'d!aq/1/" h$"a}'+"- a4 o*`k{"d$"e."$1ev'a!`r3"*`ix"i:12y' i:`6"k+"j:1 among r3" of1 j*1r("d!aey1 g&1j:1r3"q/"j:1e|'i:`6"h$"k%'k*1- ,Among all the inhabited continents1 ,Australia is the least populated4 hw"e3`s`s`gu1k|'a/"d!ad>"c/"a:'a&'2%" a('d!agu1l(`h$"i%`- ,Of the four clerks1 ,Bob treats customers the most politely4 e:"$"dt"~1a:'a&'2o%"o<1dw"l!"h$"s`c*`- b4 o*`k{"d$"e."$1c.`a!`i:12y'i:`6"k+" j:1 of1 j*1r("d!aey1g&1j:1r3"q/"j:1e|' i:`6"o*`k{"k*12j:`i:1 of o/"l!`6" among j|`dw"- ,Of the two girls in the family1 ,Helen is more interested in science4 k)'c*`d!ac.`k!"n|`rw1a:'a&'2rw`c=1d$" l!'e81o*`k{"s`ey"j|"- c4 ou`k|"l&"k!1r("s`o{`ev'a!`r3"*`ix" d!amy1j:1pt"|` all the businesses competing for our accounting contract {e3`s`az'j|`3`qx'l7"k*"r!18'd!aj*"+"o2 d!1a:'l&"k!1y'a:" among r3" of1 k/" 7,D7 e."$1az"e~`- j*1f>'a&"dt` compete for''' az'j|`""" compete vi4 ky"az' ,A lot of students are competing for the scholarship4 e|`d3'e81iz'd('hw"az'j|`a!"o*`k.`e81 k?'- #c4 3`mu1s"k+'d%"c!a*'f&'l!"r/"d!adt" r9"2f>'d!aq>'r3"dv'o/"o%'rv1y1+"i$"- a4 l&"k!1jt1s`my1j:1 client {l!"r/"o2 l!`a:'l&"k!1y'a:"k}'e*"dw"my1j:1 7who1 whom7 r3"k}'e*"dw"my1j:1e3`s`k!1 7whose7 *`?`d%`ey1g&1j:1h:`k|"2es'i:" client4 s1 |1l&"k!1r("cy"s`my1j:1 invoice {q>'r3" jy'dv'o h3"j*1r("h:`k|"d!aa/`j:12k/"j:` b/"y'e~`k}'e*"dw"my1j:1e3`s`k!1- b4 j:`b/" whose e*"s1 his/ her ot"r9" :1cw12~1k|"$133 ,We received yet another call from a client his/ her invoice did not include sales tax4 7o{7 g/1j:`*'cw1r$"ey1bz1c.`k|"m01s`ct1k+' j:1d!aj3"/"k|"k("2k/"6"k}'e*"dw"my1j:1 e3`s`k!1 whose ?`d%`ey1g&1j:1h:`k|"- c4 ku'k|"ix"i/"2 7,A7 e."y'$1az"e~`- j*1f>'a&"dt` a4 invoice n4 q>'r3"jy'dv' b4 sales tax y1+"i$" #d4 c31cx`-r71f!"k.'f>'d!abz1k&'k$'?' |1h:"k*`d!aa:1+"d%"d!1rv"k*'k*1d!afw" d/"- a4 7,A7 attribute vt4 k.'"""k$'?'|1 attribute ,A to ,B k.' ,A k$'?'|1 ,B .k owe ,A to ,B ,Brian attributes all his failures to bad luck4 o/"cw1u'o>`h:"k*`j~1o/"d!ai:'ow"k$'ks" |14"j*"o/"r%`- 7,B7 dedicate vt4 qz"et" dedicate ,A to ,B o>` ,A qz"et"k0` ,B .k devote ,A to ,B ,Dr4 ,Robinson dedicated his whole life to his ,,DNA research4 c31o?'eu'o<1i:"o*"iz'd('qz"et"k0` ,,DNA t1ks"- 7,C7 consult vt4 jy`k{";b>18" consult a dictionary b>18"h:"dt` 7,D7 invest vt4 & vi4 f(1h:' invest 7sth7 in''' f(1h:'{m(`/"o hw""""ix" ,Kevin invested his life savings in the stock market4 lw`=1o>`o*"iz'k*'e|"f(1h:'hw"k/`p{"i:" bx`- ,Now is not a good time to invest in the property market4 et"hw"o/"i:"f(1h:'qx1d*"bv`i:"bx`d!a r%`i:1k*'- b4 l&"k!1r("s`k+"j:1 to1 ku'k|"|`*"k*1 6"q>`2d!1a:' 7,A7 e."y'$1az"e~`- j*1f>'a&"dt` work ethic a:1+"d%"d!1 ethic n4 c=1c*`;d%"d!1k}' #e4 e?'cw1d!aky`$"i3'f>'/1q>`i:"y"c=1 a:1}`ov'- a4 ou`f*1j!"i:"e)"c+"k/"dy"k+1k("33 gu1+ be/ get used to ,N/ ,V-ing m(`gu1e*1k}"|1"""{j:`b/" used i:"ey1 g&1j:12o{`;-e*1k}"d!a-22a:'r("d!a to i:" k+"j:1o ,Mark is used to living in luxury4 m>`l!"e*1k}"k3"a!ai!'b:`d!aiz'r31- b4 g3"a/`j:1i:";-/"-2 oy"k+' be used to i:12o{`;-o0"6"cw1{h3"o"""-22j:`i:1 be used to r("a:"~1ey1d&"j:1- ,That knife is used to carve meat4 n>"o>`d%'i:"6"cw1j+'g("d!a- c4 l&"k!1jt1s` get used to1 j+`a/`j:1 ,The new security guard {e?'cw1d!aky`$"o $1;-gu1-22d!1a:'l&"k!1y'a:"my1j:1r3"d&" my1j:12k/" 7,B7 e."y'$1az"e~`- gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg #a/#ad =1*"e~`ft1 ,An ,Experience of a ,Lifetime a$'e41ey"q/1k*1k_'l by ,Bruce ,E4 ,Bagnell ,The sun is a huge1 fiery globe of gas4 ,Its power is not only limited to that gigantic globe1 either4 ,Occasionally1 it 7#a---7 massive waves of charged particles that hit ,Earth at speeds upwards of a million kilometers an hour4 ,These charged particles 7#b---7 with our magnetic northern and southern poles1 resulting in a breathtaking light show that enthralls all its viewers4 ,These light shows are known as auroras4 ,Since ,Earth's magnetic field is strongest at its poles1 auroras appear most brightly near the ,North and ,South ,Pole4 ,They are not 7#c---7 because they occur at any time of the year4 ,Some solar storms merely graze ,Earth and are only 7#d---7 from the poles4 ,A very large burst from the sun may1 on the other hand1 allow viewers in subtropical areas to witness one of nature's most unusual 7#e---7 of atmospheric cinema4 ,The best viewing of auroras is in ,Alaska1 northern ,Canada1 ,Scandinavia1 northern ,Russia1 and the southernmost 7#f---7 of ,Australia1 ,South ,America1 ,Africa1 and ,Antarctica6 ,Auroras appear as slowly moving curtains1 bands1 spots of color1 and a variety of other shapes that shift across the sky4 ,They can also 7#g---7 more than one color at a time4 ,The colors1 ranging from purple to green1 7#h---7 the altitude of oxygen and nitrogen penetrated by solar energy4 ,The most common color on view is green1 because it is at lower altitudes1 and people can see green the easiest4 ,Brownish-red auroras are created by higher-altitude1 single-oxygen atoms4 ,The 7#i---7 colors seen are pink1 purple1 and blue1 which are the results of intense bursts of solar activity4 ,Photographing all these colors of the breathtaking auroras is not difficult1 but photos don't do them 7#aj---74 ,Viewing auroras is something that needs to be experienced in person4 7,A7 displays 7,B7 interact 7,C7 rarest 7,D7 regions 7,E7 sends out 7,F7 depend on 7,G7 visible 7,H7 justice 7,I7 exhibit 7,J7 seasonal 33333333333333333333 fw".1i:"k!"s1j*"f*`h/`bz1d!ar3`g!"k|" ey1js1f*`- f>'d!anz1c."+`o/"k?`et"|1n>" k!"k|"ey1js1f*`- f>'(`:`r$"q>'b/'*`m0` e{`i:1*'ow`}"k&'c*`*`ix"d!ae/"d/"a_"k*1 d*"js1d!ad>"c."dw"dt"c*"h:`cs1- a!"e+' dw"dt"c*"h:`|`3`mu1d!ad*"j:1o0`k*1rv"nv1 k*1e.'r/"h3"6"2h%"bz1e*'?`e3`s`k}'a&"m/" k_'d!aky't"dz'k_'es"- a!"e+'dz'k_'es"o0"bz'$1k*1k_'- s1|1d*" js1d!aj:1bx`hw"k*1dt`h$"j.12?'j:`k*1k_' hw"o0`k*1rv"nv1k*1q/"k?"h$"$1my1c."- ?' $"f>'mu1q>'iz'hw"*'nt1a&'d!agu"r!1i:1 r("2e3`*`o/"i:"k*"k+1ey"d!a- s`e+'fw".1 qz'o%"{ot'v"33fw".1qz'o%"i:"fw".1?'nz1 c."hz'k)'e."l&'kt'i:"qx"b/'d!ad>"c."dw" dt"c*"h:`cs1ey1bz1d!ak%'e/"c*"h:`cs1- i:"*'a&`fw".1h:"iu'd!aa('j*1ey"ot"r9"-o k?`j>'k3"d*"js12a:`nz1hw"k*1d*"lv"d%"- cy"*'qx'mt"2cw1h:"fw".1d!ad>"o%"a>"l!`*` gx"hw")"g!"dw"d*"j|'d!ak}'a&"m/"d/`d>" h:"gv1a&'h$"d/1f!"d!aj*1a&'*'k!"d>"j*" dt"y`av`- k}'ix`k*1k_'d!ah$"k)'d*"dt`i:" >'c>'e:'k)',k)'n>1d>"o0`o/",e:'lv'd*"n>" $1)",!"c31e:'o0`o/"2*`k*1%"a(',nv1m0` a(',q0'a('rv"nv1k*1a('d!ah$"nv1d}'d*" j|'l k*1k_'*`e."i:"r}`mv"*1d&"d!a$1m/",dw" h:a,jw`e!"ov'dt`*`k*1k!"a&`j*1f>'d!aey1 a_"b/'et"hw"ft'l&'a&'*1d&"- f>'mu1+`nz1 *'j:"av`et"b/'d3'a&`t1e!"- b/'et"d!at1 e!"j&1h:`e!"d%"c|"e!"k+'s`2j|`k81|1fw".1 nz1e3`b}'f("dv"k*1.`d!ak%'d/"- h$"bx1kt" d!at1e!"i:"c|"e!"2s1|1f>'hw"k{"d*'b/"2?' j:`gu1mu1h$"g&1*"lv"d%"c|"e!"- h&'r&1e!" k*1k_'i:"s1k{"k%'rw`o>1d!adv'.`~1h:`bv` iz'- h$"rv`kt"d!at1e!"i:"qu`r&1e!",h:` e!"rv"cv1e!"2a!"i:"r318"d!afw".1r31d&" o%"q>'d!ak+1k3`- pw'i!"e3`s`a!"e+'cy"gu1 py1e*1d!ak*1k_'oy"o/"nv12dv"a%"pt"/1q>` b&'qu"et`et"b/'f>'mu1d!am0`- k}'lv"k*1 k_'i:"o*"e|'j?'iu'f*`t"d!a*'kt"i:"- d>1v"33 #a4 ,E #b4 ,B #c4 ,J #d4 ,G #e4 ,A #f4 ,D #g4 ,I #h4 ,F #i4 ,C #aj4 ,H 33333333333333333333 &e~`e."k+`e*'y 7,A7 display n4 av`cv`{p?`o {l!`i/`o; bu1c+"2av`i:"{o/"l!`i/`o & vt4 av`i:" be on display av`b/'a&' ,Robinson's paintings are now on display in our gallery4 m/"jt1c/`o?'e4"d!ar9"h3"az"hw"3`mu1d!a r9"cx1av`b/'a&'- ,The toys displayed in the window attracted the attention of every child that passed by4 b/1b_'n0"av`i:"d!a}1k|"e*'?`c!am0`k!" c/"k3"e{`pz1s`d!am/"k_'- 7,B7 interact vi4 r/"d&" interact with''' |`"""r/"d&" ,People with autism find it hard to interact socially with others4 r}"s`h:"o*"az"d!agu1ru`nv1|`f>'gu1i!" k{'r/"d&"- 99 autism n4 h:"o*"az" 7,C7 rare a4 rv`kt"d!a2e*'i%`d!a ,It is rare to see typhoons in ,Taiwan in ,December4 hw"fw1}'2i:1:"8"d!ai:1r("ru`i%`r$"lv" d%"s`fw1qz'cw1e*1- 7,D7 region n4 d*"j|' ,Watermelons grow abundantly in this region4 a!"k!"d*"j|'iz"bv`e*'k9'- 7,E7 send out''' q>'b/'/ e&"b/'""" ,The sinking ship sent out an ,,SOS signal4 a!"e%'l7"bu1m<"d!ab}1a:'q>'e&"b/'js1 ks"e4"r%"- 7,F7 depend on''' j|`k81|1"""2i:"""" :1dy" ,Your health depends on what you eat4 n*`d!akt"lx'j|`k81|1n*`e3`b:'d!ai:1/"- 7,G7 visible a4 lv"d!akt"d!a2l!`kt"d!a ,That tall building is clearly visible from #ej kilometers away4 j&1/`i:1k&'c*`7"d!a~`b/"gz1l!`jy'b/` lv"kt"n>"d&"k%'c(1- 7,H7 justice n4 k&'az";az"*" do''' justice b&'qu"av`et""""d!ah$" k)'f!"a:1 .k do justice to''' ,The protestors are convinced of the justice of their cause4 n>"e+'lx"*"m?1a&"e.'e?"f>'mu1d!am/"o{' i:"k&'az"d!a- ,Nancy felt that her exam results didn't do her justice4 nv1e*'gu"$1l%`i:"k+1k3`oy"$"b&'qu"av` et"b/'f>'d!ai:1c*"- 7,I7 exhibit vt4 & vi4 & n4 av`i:";bu1 c+" be on exhibit av`b/'a&' .k be on exhibition ,The gallery exhibited works from a world-renowned graffiti artist4 kw'r9"cx1av`b/'*'$"=1my1j~1js1d!af/1)' *"i/"k)'d!ah3"p?`- ,Those sculptures will be on exhibit at this museum until the end of this year4 n>"e+'d{'e."k.'hw"o<1/"k}`av`b/'d%"k?' nt1nt1d*`- 7,J7 seasonal a4 k*"k+1ey"d!a ,This is a seasonal fruit1 and it's available for the next three months4 a!"i:"k*"k+1ey"d!ai$`k3`2k+'e)"cw1d!a ev'k!"8"d('mw`d!ad%"- 33333333333333333333 8,tips & ,analysis0 #a4 ,Occasionally1 it sends out massive waves of charged particles that hit ,Earth at speeds upwards of a million kilometers an hour4 c*`s1 a4 l&"k!1jt1s`d*"ev'gu1bz'dv'i/"dw"my1 j:1 it1 :1l&"k!1r("s`my1j:1j:1h/` massive waves of charged particles {d>" c."dw"dt"c*"h:`cs1o2j+`ku'k|"i:1fw"2k/" a:'l&"k!1y'a:"g/"d*"ev'gu1bz'dv'i/"k*1/" d&"j:1r3"pt"|`d&"j:1- b4 e~`e."a&'s` 7,A7 displays k*1 7,E7 sends out q/1r!1f{1kt"2ku'k|"|`*"2f>'(` :`r$";-q>'b/'-2 *`m0`e{`i:1*'ow`}"k&'c*` *`ix"d!ae/"d/"a_"k*1d*"js1d!ad>"c."dw" dt"c*"h:`cs12l!`a:'d>1v"y'e~` 7,E74 #b4 ,These charged particles interact with our magnetic northern and southern poles''' c*`s1 a4 l&"k!1jt1s`q/"i/"a/`j:1 ,These charged particles {a!"e+'dw"dt"c*"h:`o2 :1l&"k!1r("s`k+"j:1 with1 k/"a:'l&"k!1y' a:"g/"q/"i/"o/"k*1/"d&"j:1r3"pt"|`d&" j:1- b4 e~`e."a&'s` 7,B7 interact k*1 7,I7 exhibit q/1r!1f{1kt"2j+`ku'k|"|`*"2a!" e+'dw"dt"c*"h:`|`3`mu1d!ad*"j:1o0`k*1rv" nv1k*1;-e.'r/"h3"6"-22l!`a:'d>1v"y'e~` 7,B74 #c4 ,They are not seasonal because they occur at any time of the year4 c*`s1 a4 l&"k!1jt1s` be d&"j:1 are k*1q(`dy" j:1 not1 l&"k!1r("s` because {?'$"o e3` ?`d%`d!aq/"j:1h:`k|"2k/"a:'l&"k!1y'a:" g/"ey1g&1j:1r3"qu'j:1- b4 e~`e."a&'s` 7,C7 rarest1 7,G7 visible k*1 7,J7 seasonal q/1r!1f{1kt"2 ku'k|"|`*"2f>'mu1o/"i:";-k*"k+1ey"d!a-22 q>'iz'hw"*'nt1a&'d!agu"r!1i:1r("2l!`a:' d>1v"y'e~` 7,J74 #d4 ,Some solar storms merely graze ,Earth and are only visible from the poles4 c*`s1 a4 l&"k!1jt1s` be d&"j:1 are k*1q/"j:1 only {k?`k?`2$1*'o2:1l&"k!1r("s`k+"j:1 from1 k/"a:'l&"k!1y'a:"g/"ey1g&1j:1r3" qu'j:1- b4 e~`e."a&'ix"s` 7,C7 rarest k*1 7,G7 visible q/1r!1f{1kt"2ku'k|"|`*"2s`e+'fw" .1qz'o%"k?`j>'k3"d*"js12a:`nz1hw"k*1d*" ;-lv"d%"-22l!`a:'d>1v"y'e~` 7,G74 #e4 ''' allow viewers in subtropical areas to witness one of nature's most unusual displays of atmospheric cinema4 c*`s1 a4 l&"k!1jt1s` one of {"""d!aj*1a&'*' k!"o k*1ey1g&1j:1 unusual {d/1f!"d!ao2:1 l&"k!1r("s`k+"j:1 of1 k/"a:'l&"k!1y'a:" g/"q/"i/"my1j:1*`o0" unusual es'i:"- b4 e~`e."a&'s` 7,A7 displays k*1 7,D7 regions q/1r!1f{1kt"2ku'k|"|`*"2cw1h:" fw".1d!ad>"o%"a>"i:"d>"h:"gv1a&'h$"d/1 f!"d!aj*1a&'*'k!"d>"j*"dt"y`;-av`-22l!` a:'d>1v"y'e~` 7,A74 #f4 ''' and the southernmost regions of ,Australia1 ,South ,America1 ,Africa1 and ,Antarctica6 c*`s1 a4 l&"k!1jt1s`ey1g&1j:1 southernmost {h$"nv1d}'d!ao2:1l&"k!1r("s`k+"j:1 of k*1%"a(',nv1m0`a('dz`d*"2k/"a:'l&"k!1y' a:"g/"q/"i/"my1j:1*`o0" southernmost es' i:"- b4 e~`e."a&'k?`iz" 7,D7 regions q/1r!1 f{1kt"2a:"g/"r("*"q/1r!1|`*"2k/"$1az" e~`- #g4 ,They can also exhibit more than one color at a time4 c*`s1 a4 l&"k!1jt1s`a/"d&"j:1 can k*1q/"j:1 also {+`o2:1l&"k!1r("s`my1j:1j:1h/` more than one color {d3'|1*'a&`t1e!"o2k/"a:' l&"k!1y'a:"g/"~1ey1k*1/"d&"j:1r3"pt"|` d&"j:1- b4 e~`e."a&'s` 7,F7 depend on k*1 7,I7 exhibit q/1r!1f{1kt"2ku'k|"|`*"2f>'mu1+` nz1*'j:";-av`et"b/'-2 d3'a&`t1e!"2l!`a:' d>1v"y'e~` 7,I74 #h4 ,The colors1 ranging from purple to green1 depend on the altitude of oxygen and nitrogen penetrated by solar energy4 c*`s1 a4 l&"k!1jt1s`q/"i/"my1j:1j:1h/` ,The colors {t1e!"o k*1b>'g/"|` ranging from purple to green {j&1h:`e!"d%"c|"e!"o2:1 l&"k!1r("s`cy"*'my1j:1j:1h/` the altitude {k%'d/"o2k/"a:'l&"k!1y'a:"g/" q/"i/"k*1/"d&"j:1r3"pt"|`d&"j:1- b4 e~`e."a&'k?`iz" 7,F7 depend on q/1 r!1f{1kt"2a:"g/"r("*"q/1r!1|`*"2k/"$1az" e~`- #i4 ,The rarest colors seen are pink1 purple1 and blue''' c*`s1 a4 l&"k!1jt1s`dy"k}"j:1 ,The1 :1l&"k!1 r("s`my1j:1 colors {t1e!"o2k/"a:'l&"k!1 y'a:"g/"ey1g&1j:1r3"qu'j:1*`es'i:" colors4 b4 e~`e."a&'k?`iz" 7,C7 rarest q/1r!1 f{1kt"2a:"g/"r("*"q/1r!1|`*"2k/"$1az" e~`- #aj4 ,Photographing all these colors of the breathtaking auroras is not difficult1 but photos don't do them justice4 c*`s1 a4 l&"k!1jt1s`d&"j:1 do k*1i("j:1 them1 k/"a:'l&"k!1y'a:"g/" justice1 ey1 bz1 8do''' justice0 d!ak/"dy"6"q>`2j+` a:"g/"r("*"q/1r!1|`*"2o{`i:"a%"pt"/1q>` ;-b&'qu"et`et"b/'-2 f>'mu1d!am0`- b4 ku'k|"ix"i/"2l!`a:'d>1v"y'e~` 7,H74 33333333333333333333 8,Words for ,Reference0 ? fiery a4 r3`*'ov'd!a2gv1i%'d!a ? charged a4 dw"dt"d!a ? particle n4 c*"h:` ? breathtaking a4 cy"gu1py1e*1/ ky' fv"d!a ? enthrall vt4 m*1a/"2i:`a%1m*1 ? aurora n4 k*1k_';i/"k_' ? graze vt4 j>'k3" & vi4 b:'j%` ? subtropical a4 )"g!"dw"d!a tropical a4 g!"dw"d!a ? atmospheric a4 d>"j*"{jz1o d!a ? altitude n4 k%'d/";rw`o>1 ? nitrogen n4 dv" ? penetrate vt4 b}'k3"2b}'f(" 33333333333333333333 8,Practical ,Phrases0 #a4 be limited to ,N/ ,V-ing k|1et"|1/ et"a:"hw"""" .k be confined to ,N/ ,V-ing ,Bill was limited to playing three minutes per game because his skills weren't fully developed4 o*`:`?'$"k*"j{`rw1o/"k("b=1i/12m0`bx` o*`ew"o0"et"a:"a:`nz1ix"bx`d>`ev'qu'a&'- #b4 be known as''' o0"bz'$1""";*`""" d!aiu'qu"/ my1bz'$1gu1e3`a:' ,Stephen ,King is known as the king of horror stories4 i:`d*"qu'-k?'o0"k_`|"$1l&`o/"e{`i3'a:' _1- #c4 range from ,A to ,B qv"$1j&1 ,A d%" ,B {d('s`o ,The sizes of this blue ,T-shirt range from ,S to ,,XXL4 a!"kt"cv1e!" ,T e|"d!ab:`j="j&1 ,S r%" d%" ,,XXL r%"d('s`- #d4 on view k&'gu1k}'lv"d!a;bu1c+"a!a d!a ,There are over #cjj works of art on view at the ,Modernist exhibition4 a!"bx`et"dw"a/`*"av`s`b%'k3"ev'ow`kt" *"i/"p?`k&'gu1k}'ix`- 33333333333333333333 8,Words in ,Use0 #a4 gigantic a4 k|"d>"d!a2px1d>"d!a ,Angela has a gigantic closet for all of her clothes4 v'j*1c>'s`*'k!"k|"ey1*'b/16"cw1ow`qx" f>'e3`s`d!a*'/"- #b4 occasionally adv4 (`:` occasional a4 (`:`d!a ,I occasionally go fishing with my father4 3`(`:`r$"ku'3`o>"j|"d{"|1- ,Except for the occasional headache1 ,Al is very healthy4 b/1c!a(`:`r$"f(1f&"7"2w":`q0'bx1kt" lx'- #c4 massive a4 d>"c."d!a;d>"k$'m<1d!a ,The king entertained his guests with a massive feast and live music all night long4 k31_1az`}`*`iz"t"rv"et"bx`t`h("d!a?'8" cw1l}`dw"cw1o?'- #d4 upwards adv4 e."ix"d*" downwards adv4 e."e)"d*" ,The small bird flapped its wings furiously and flew upwards4 a!"a:'e{`n{`mz`c*"d*"pw'd>`a!ab:"ox` e."ix"q0'- #e4 magnetic a4 s`j:1ey"d!a ,The magnetic strip on my credit card is wearing down4 3`e?"6"l>`ix"d!aj:1f{1az"hw"kt"kt"m<1 e=`- #f4 merely adv4 k?`k?`2a:`s` ,Jason is merely a child1 so don't expect too much from him4 k+1eu'a:`i:"k!"rw1h:a2?'j:`o/"{"d$"f>' j*1_"fw"d3'- #g4 witness vt4 m/"d/`2j?'t`lv"kt" ,Mary witnessed the train accident and told police what she saw4 m>`c*"j?'t`m/"d/`a!"j*`r3`b!'i:"k/"2 oy"k%"e/"ky`qx'h:"k*`e3`kt"- #h4 cinema n4 dt"y`{h&`bz'o;dt"y`~" cinematic a4 dt"y`d!a #i4 shift vi4 & vt4 a}`*1 shift''' from ,A to ,B k.'"""j&1 ,A a}`*1d%" ,B ,The wind is expected to shift to the east tomorrow4 my1ft'd!aqz'e."|"k*"r$"a}`$1d&'qz'- ,What can ,I do to shift my son's attention from computer games to his studies8 3`kw'hu`m!ah3"jw1nz1o>`3`:1h:ad!aa/"*" c*"j&1dt"n%`s1e*"a}`*1d%"l!"+"ix"n!ao #aj4 oxygen n4 .`j*" #aa4 intense a4 j.1c+"d!a2k|"c+"d!a ,The intense heat of summer in southern ,Taiwan is sometimes unbearable4 nv1fw1}'e)"ft'd!al/"g!"s`i:1gx"gu1i(" o/"c{`- gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg #a/#ae lv"f/1e+`h3" ,Panic on the ,Train r3`b!'l&`r_'k*" &f*1i:"y jy`h:`e*"k}'b>1*`e)"ev'q/1ct1r}1f/1pt" d!an0"g&12oy"e.`e."d*"e:"q/1f/1pt"l!`nz1 d!aq>'av`2gv1r("e+`b/'*'pt'rv1kw"m0`ax' f/1pt"n0"g&1j+`k+1k|1}1az`d!ak/"i:"2=1 bx1a:"i%` #abj k!"dv'j:1 7words74 &e+`h3"e{`av"y #a4 lv"f/1h3"=1hw"|1m{1i/"f/1pt"d!an0" g&12+`ks"i:"f/1a&'gu1/"{o%'k9'ct`o/"o{` jy1,jy1e|",b}'a31,gu1/"r/"d&"dz`o,i:1 kt',d*"dt`rv"i:"kt"dz`h:'e4"d!ae*"k+1b}" ct1j*`cw1m{1e+`r3"e|"i/"2*'ov'r$"*`e)" c+"c.`a&`qx'i:"cw1bz1et"33 `# m{1i/"=1 7description7 33o ku'k|" f/1a&'a/`k{`ey"my12*`d*"ev'gu1bz'd!ak}' dt`cw1m{1i/"r3"k+`d/1f/1pt"d!an0"g&1- `# e|"i/"=1 7narration7 33o o*`a!`ou` iu'g&1g/"f/1a&'j*1a&'*'k!"k{`e!"26"d*"*' gu1bz'd!ak}'dt`cw1e|"i/"k/"i:"jy1k+1- #b4 o/"k}`jw`j|`m{1i/"=1r3"e|"i/"=12 d('k*"d!a4"6"e.`e."c*"rv"c31k*1e:'l%`et' k("e:'b/'*'k!"r!1c*`d!ak|"jy12*"k*1a&" dt`qu'my12s`lw'f(1,q>'av`,k+1$`2*`js1k/" i:"jy1k+1jt1r("ct1k}"- #c4 iv"6"a}`a!1|`cw1b}"ct1m0`ax'f/1a:' kt'd!ak}'e*"r3"q>'av`2qx'nz1e+`b/'cs1bx" d!alv"f/1i3'k/"i:"2:1q0'ft'm>`ey1l&'d!a f{"8"i:"m{1i/"r3"e|"i/"- hw"a!`2e$1a!a k/"i:"q>'av`2l!`i:"d/"d$"f/1a&'gu1/"d!a jy1e|"ot"r9"d3'k)'a31m<"2gx"=1ax'n0"g&1 kz"qz'q/"j+`kz"k|"l!`d/1ey"- &k("e:'qx'e."y kt`i:"f/1pt"r("2*`m{1i/"=1cw1k+`d/1f/1 pt"n0"g&12k("e:'b/'*`e)"k|"jy133 ,Sandy 8' ,Irene j|"*1cv1jv'k}'cv1r9' ~1 33o ,Sandy rv" ,Irene lw'e?'d*"hw"r3` b!'ix"c{1ft' 33o f>'mu1f/1gv1fy'd%"*'au" kt'k{"iz'2r("cw1e3`s`gu1dz`d%"r3`b!'*' fy1e)"cw1i:1ks"hw"r=`c}"a:'a&'b&'e)"r3` b!'- k/"i:"k+1k|1i:"~1cw1i:"r3`b!'b!'e.' c*`e:"b/"ou'j}"d!a*'a:'d>"c%`i/`?`j*`c!a l&`r_'2 ,Sandy rv" ,Irene iu"a:"lv"d%" h:"k*`b/'et"hw"dx'}`d!ae?'=1a&'- &d&"d&"n%`y k/"i:"i!"dy" a/`f*1 ,Panic on the train i:1d*" ,One ,Sunday morning2 ,Taipei ,Main ,Station and ,Yilan ,Station gu1/" ,Sandy1 ,Irene1 and a crowd of passengers &e+`h3"d>"kx'y ?`d%`k|" ,Sandy had wanted to go to ,Yilan to visit a famous orchid garden for a long time but had never been able to find the time4 q>'av`k|" f/1*' ,She invited her best friend ,Irene to go to ,Yilan4 f/1:" ,The two girls talked all the way to ,Yilan4 f/1ev' ,Everyone ran off the train in chaos as soon as it came to a complete stop4 k+1c="k|" ,They even saw themselves on the news later that night6 33333333333333333333 &qv"=1y ,Sandy had wanted to go to ,Yilan to visit a famous orchid garden for a long time but had never been able to find the time4 ,However1 she finally had a weekend with no obligations or plans1 so she invited her best friend ,Irene to go4 ,They agreed to meet at ,Taipei ,Main ,Station to catch a train ,Sunday morning4 ,They met up1 got on the train1 and talked all the way to ,Yilan4 ,They did not expect anything out of the ordinary to happen that day4 ,Then1 just as the train was about to pull into ,Yilan ,Station1 ,Sandy and ,Irene suddenly heard screams coming from the next car and saw a crowd of people rushing towards them4 ,Everyone feared the worst and immediately panicked1 including them4 ,They all ran off the train in chaos as soon as it came to a complete stop4 ,The girls found out shortly afterwards that the source of all the alarm and confusion was a large rat running around in the train car4 ,Relieved that it was nothing serious1 they were able to go visit the orchid garden without further delay4 ,But all they could talk about was how ridiculous the whole incident was4 ,They even saw themselves on the news later that night6 33333333333333333333 iv'd*"e.`j|"*1cv1jv'k}'*'h3"a/"my1d!a cv1r9'~1ru`ks`c!a2dv"f>'*'a:1m01s`i:1kt' j|"- o/"k3"2f>'a&'|1s`*'k!"a('m<"m01s` i:"jy1k*1k*"r9"2e3`*`f>'{'jy`c!ah$"r%` d!apz1s`w"c?1*'j*`j|"- f>'mu1f&1*"8'a(' g:"h%`ix"hw"fw1o0`b!'av"kt"mt"d>'r3`b!'- f>'mu1r$"r!1,d>'ix"r3`b!'2oy"*'c/"c{1d%" *1cv1- f>'mu1m01e.`d%"n>"ft'r$"q>'iz'gu" r!1o/"e41bx1d!ai:"jy1- k+'a!a2az"dx'r3`b!'a=`o0"i:`e."*1cv1 av"i:12iv'd*"rv"w"c?1f/1gv1fy'd%"k!1o*" b!'e.'b}1cw1d!akt'k{"iz'2oy"lv"d%"*'j41 gu1b&'e."f>'mu1- e3`s`gu1o%'k9'f>'mu1hw" n0"2d('rw"p>"h$"r7"d!ajy1l_"q>'iz':1c*" l!"kv`d%"ky'r_'i:'j3"- dx'r3`b!'*'fy1e)" cw1i:12f>'mu1j~1d('hw"r=`c}"a:'a&'b&'e)" r3`b!'- n|`rw1mu1o/"ks`a:'r("q>'et"2e3` s`ky'r_'rv"r=`c}"d!aku'~1ks"i:"hw"r3`b!' b!'e.'c*`e:"b/"ou'j}"d!a*'a:'d>"c%`i/`- f>'mu1?'$"m01s`q>'iz't1a&"d!ai:"jy1:1e&' c!al(`j*"2+`m01s`dv'/"j|"jv'k}'cv1r9'~1 d!aey1bz1- o/"k3"f>'mu1fv1c="d!aj~1i:" a!"az`j*`i:"kt"i:"d3'm!ar_'ms"- f>'mu1 iu"a:"hw"dx'}`d!ae?'=1ix"lv"d%"h:"k*`l 33333333333333333333 8,Words for ,Reference0 ? orchid n4 cv1r9' ? source n4 ~1f(1;cw1~1 ? alarm n4 ky'r_' ? delay n4 dv'k!'2t1/" ? incident n4 i:"kt" 33333333333333333333 8,Practical ,Phrases0 #a4 ,As soon as+ ,S+ ,V1 ,S+ ,V *'""" ks"""" .k ,The moment+ ,S+ ,V1 ,S+ ,V .k ,The instant+ ,S+ ,V1 ,S+ ,V .k ,Once+ ,S+ ,V1 ,S+ ,V hw"ix"i/"k|"ey1a&'2o{`k3"j|"a_"fw"i:12 a/`{"h:`k|"|`q/"j:1h:`k|"k+'6"k3"j|"i:"; o{`$"cw1a_"fw"i:12a/`{"h:`k|"{"6"$"cw1 i:"2q/"j:1h:`k|"h!16"et"hw"i:"r3"et"hw" }1bz1i:"- ,As soon as he heard that his flight had been cancelled1 ,Paul yelled at the ground staff4 o%`c31*'fy'd%"f>'d!aov'k*'o0"j|`e{'2 m>`ix"d$"a!ad*"j?1gu1~1d>"r(`d>"k{"- ,Once ,I am free1 ,I will take a trip abroad4 3`*'dv"s`l&"ks"r$"b/'k31c|`ey1- #b4 ,How+ adj4/ adv4+ ,S+ ,V6 d3'm!a d*"""" ix"i/"k|"ey1i:"s1*1="j:1 how e3`?`d%` d!akv`fv"k|"2 how $1q/"j:12*"bz1;-d3'm!a d*"-22a:'r("{"k)'ey1g&1j:1r3"q/"j:1*`k&' es'i:"- ,Billy won the lottery last night4 ,How lucky he was6 o*`c*"h31}`a&"c!"f("c!a- f>'au'ey"4"l *1="j:1 what +`l!`?`d%`kv`fv"k|"2 what h!1$1ey1g&1j:12a:'r("{"k)'my1j:1*`k&'es' i:"- k|"ey1g/1e)"33 ,What+ a/ an+ 7adj47+ ,N+ ,S+ ,V6 ,What a nice car you drive6 n*`lw'd!ab!'r%`ox">al 33333333333333333333 8,Words in ,Use0 #a4 panic n4 ky'l&` & vi4 ky'r_'2r_' ax' ev'fw"$133 panic1 panicked1 panicked4 in 7a7 panic ky'r_'i:'j3"d!a ,The bird flapped its wings in panic when it was caught in a trap4 n>"a:'n{`o0"et"ky`l="a/"i:12ky'r_'d*" pw'd>`b:"ox`- ,Tanya panicked at the sound of the fire alarm4 fv1)`fy'd%"r3`ky`cy1iz'd>"h3"i:1q0'bx1 ky'r_'- #b4 obligation n4 o*"e|'{"h3"d!ai:" jy1;*"/" have an obligation to ,V s`h3""""d!a*" /" ,I have too many obligations today so ,I don't have time to help you4 3`k?'ft'rw1s`e|`d3'{"h3"d!ai:"jy12?' j:`3`m01s`i:1kt'ox'n*`- ,Every man in that country has an obligation to serve in the army4 hw"kw'k312m0`k!"nv1gu1d('s`q/1oy'*"d!a *"/"- #c4 confusion n4 r=`c}" ,The disruption of the internet resulted in widespread confusion4 _`k*"_`c/"d!aa&'d}"h%"bz1d%"b/"*'pt" r=`c}"- #d4 ridiculous a4 r_'ms"d!a ,Hank made up a ridiculous excuse for being late4 rv"l!"$"f>'d!ab:1d%"ot'c!a*'k!"r_'ms" d!ak+"l(`- 33333333333333333333 8,Practical ,Phrases0 #a4 expect sb/ sth to ,V |"j*1m(`gu1/ m(`i:"/"""" ,Nobody expected ,Amy to make the cheerleading squad when she first tried out4 m01gu1c{"d%"w"m*'d*"*'j:"jv'k)'c>'c>' d$"e~`o>1ks"o0"e~`ix"- #b4 out of the ordinary o/"e41bx1d!a ,For the police1 this incident was nothing out of the ordinary4 d$"ky`qx'cw1i3'2a!"kt"i:"e:"r/'m01s` iu1m!ao/"e41bx1d!ad*"qx'- #c4 pull into+ d*"qx' {b!'c."o i:` k?"""" ,That train is ready to pull into the station4 n>"ov'r3`b!'a=`o0"k?"av"c!a- #d4 fear the worst dv'e?'h$"h%'k%'d!a jy1l_"q>'iz' ,We hoped that the soldiers would be safe and sound1 but secretly we feared the worst4 3`mu1e*'_"a!"e+'k4'gu1gz1v'gv1/1."2dv" n0"e?'j8"rw"p>"h$"h%'k%'d!ai:"jy1r$"q>' iz'- #e4 in chaos r=`c}" chaos n4 r=`c}" ,New ,York ,City was in chaos after the massive hurricane4 ky'k3"d>"k$'m<1d!ak|"qz'r("2ns`8'i:" et"g/"*'pt"r=`c}"a:'a&'- #f4 shortly afterwards m01d3'ks`a:'r(" .k shortly after ,First1 the lightning struck the tree4 ,Shortly afterwards1 the tree caught fire4 j*`b/'2iv`dt"k*1a&"n>"l!'i/"- m01d3' ks`a:'r("2i/"ot"j*`r3`c!a- gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg #a/#af 8"d/1j!"t" ,The ,Prized ,Hummel ,Figurines $"gu1mu1dw"cw1r}'c!"d!ae*`m/`9191 8ever since0 d!a6"q>` by ,William ,Ryan ,Hummel figurines are famous the world over4 ,These fine porcelain pieces that depict happy children and babies have been charming people and warming hearts ever since they were first unveiled to the ,German public in #aice4 ,They are modeled on the sketches of a creative ,Franciscan nun named ,Sister ,Maria ,Innocentia4 ,Sister ,Innocentia was born ,Berta ,Hummel on ,May #ba1 #aiji in a town northeast of ,Munich1 ,Germany4 ,Her home was a place where art and music were part of daily life1 so her natural talents were encouraged and nurtured by her parents and five siblings4 ,In the #aicjs1 her sketches of children in pastoral settings began to appear in ,Germany and ,Switzerland and were subsequently featured on postcards4 ,Porcelain maker ,Franz ,Goebel noticed the popular artsy cards1 and he acquired the rights to produce figurines from ,Hummel's drawings4 ,Goebel introduced the figurines at the #aice,Leipzig ,Trade ,Fair4 ,They sold well immediately4 ,Later1 ,American soldiers stationed in ,Germany after ,World ,War ,,II bought the figurines and sent them back home4 ,This was a big factor in popularizing them in the ,,US4 ,Also1 they seemed to evoke a sense of nostalgia among ,Americans longing for simpler1 more innocent times4 ,Before long1 ,Hummel figurines were available in ,American retail stores and then in many other countries4 ,Renowned for their fine craftsmanship and exacting attention to detail1 these three-dimensional representations of her sketches are cherished by fans and collectors everywhere4 ,There are even two museums dedicated to them4 ,Perhaps their simple charm brings out the inner child in people4 ,Hummels range in price from ,,US 4#ajj for a simple figurine up to around ,,US 4#a1jjj for the more intricate works4 ,It is unlikely that the popularity of these delightful collectibles will ever diminish4 #a4 ,What is the main purpose of this passage8 7,A7 ,To convey the historical importance of ,Hummel figurines4 7,B7 ,To convince the reader to purchase a ,Hummel figurine4 7,C7 ,To introduce ,Hummel figurines and the artist whose work inspired them4 7,D7 ,To teach the basics of collecting ,Hummel figurines4 #b4 ,What can be inferred about the name of the figurines8 7,A7 ,Hummel is the name of the town where the famous figurines were first shown4 7,B7 ,Hummel is the name chosen by ,Franz ,Goebel for the figurines4 7,C7 ,The pieces were named after a city in ,Germany4 7,D7 ,The pieces carry the former name of ,Sister ,Innocentia4 #c4 ,Which of the following is ,,NOT true8 7,A7 ,American soldiers helped popularize ,Hummel figurines in the ,,US4 7,B7 ,Hummel figurines are the sole creation of ,Sister ,Innocentia4 7,C7 ,Hummel figurines are collected all over the world4 7,D7 ,Hummel figurines are shown in museums4 #d4 ,According to the passage1 what happened in #aice8 7,A7 ,Germans got their first look at ,Hummel figurines at a trade fair4 7,B7 ,Berta ,Hummel released her first series of pastoral sketches of children4 7,C7 ,Hummel postcards became popular4 7,D7 ,Sister ,Maria ,Innocentia changed her name4 33333333333333333333 e*`m/`9191k|`i:"=1my1- a!"e+'m{1r$"l7" c!"rw1f&1rv"o%`o%`d!aky'm0`j:1j*"h:" #aice nt1i(`j:"|1d!1k31f$'b/'*`cw12ks"*' a:1e*'?`d>"a&"j+`='n}`gu1e?'- f>'mu1i:" *`*'$"s`b_"*",my1$1m>`c*")"-?'n3"iz"e)" d!aqx'k*"k!"r$"es'n|`d!ar9"k%`$1cv1ou`- ?'n3"iz"e)"es'n|`*`o0"f>`-e*`m/`a:'my1|1 #aiji nt1/`8":"i:1*'g:"b/'iz'hw"d!1k31 m/"n*1r0'd&'o0`qx'd!a*'k!"e{`au"- *"i/" |`?'8"i:"f>'k)'g:"bx1iz'r31d!a*'o/"qu"2 ?'j:`f>'d!aft'q/"i("d%"q/"m/`rv"/`k!"i(` h/1d!ak/`c*"|`p01.`- #aicj nt1dw"2f>'*` ft1~1iz'r31$1i!"dy"e3`r$"d!ae{`rw1r9"k%` lw'i:`b/'et"hw"d!1k31rv"g$"i:"2e$1r("bz1 $1my1e?"pt"ix"d!af!"e!"f/1."- j:1j*"a:" h%"ix'q>`cv1i:"-k%'o%`a/"*"d%"a!"e+'i(" r}'y1d!a*"i/"l>`pt"2oy"r3"d!1c?1m<1e*` m/`d!ar9"k%`*`a:"h3"e{`j:1(`d!ai("j~1- k%'o%`hw" #aice nt1cw1o*`e*1m%"*"o<1cv` r$"ix"f$'b/'a!"e+'e{`j:1(`- f>'mu1c*"k*1bx"e{'- r("cw12d*":"j:"i:" k+"d>"av"r("a/"a>1d!1k31d!am0`k31i:"oy' k("mw`c!aa!"e+'e{`j:1(`2oy"k.'f>'mu1k*" r$1k)'- a!"i:"f>'mu1hw"m0`k31p/`k*1d!a*' k!"a&"{"~1?'- :1j+`2f>'mu1e:"r/'r}"j*` c!an>"e+'l!`_"kz"kt`dv',kz"b=1au'i:1dw" d!am0`k31gu1e?'a&'d!ar71ks"a:'kv`- o/" ks`r("2e*`m/`9191hw"m0`k31cy1i("ix'dt" k*1j*1f>'e|`d3'k31k)'d('nz1mw`d%"- a!"e+'b&1et"f>'r9"k%`d!a #c,D c*"f*` j:1(`*`j*1ky'av"d!ak&'*"k*1d$"e*"k+1d!a k.`ks":1=1my12oy"i("d%"k!"d*"qu`e:'|`i(' jx1k)'d!ae*`w"- iu"a:"s`c.`h3"o<1/"k}` a}'mu1av`b/'a!"e+'j:1(`- +`e|`f>'mu1d!a kt`p/1m0"c*"gx"gu1mu1f&1e?'d>"j*`- e*` m/`9191d!ai("k)"j&1*'ow`m0`~1d!akt`dv' e{`j:1(`d%"8'*'jt'm0`~1,k{"q/"h>1d!ah3" p?`d('s`- a!"e+'s`j|"i('jx1p?`d!agu1j*" o/"d>"l!`nz1r$"e{'f$"- #a4 ou`=1d!aa/`{"m/"d*"$1r!1o 7,A7 b}1d>1e*`m/`9191d!ac*"i:`a&"{" ey"- 7,B7 i$"q/1d/1a!`k("mw`e*`m/`9191- 7,C7 k+"i%"e*`m/`9191k*1j*1cy1kv`cw1~1 h3"p?`d!a*"i/"k)'- 7,D7 k{'d%`i('jx1e*`m/`9191d!ak*'b/` a:'i:"- #b4 k}'|1e{`j:1(`d!amy1h:"2l!`*`f$'c=" b/'iu1m!ao 7,A7 e*`m/`i:"kw'a/"my1e{`j:1(`i(`j:" b/'et"d!ae{`au"a:'my1- 7,B7 e*`m/`i:"q>`cv1i:"-k%'o%`$1e{`j:1 (`e3`e~`d!amy1h:"- 7,C7 a!"e+'h3"p?`i:"*`d!1k31d!a*'k!" bz1i:"cw1my"my1- 7,D7 a!"e+'h3"p?`i:"*`?'n3"iz"e)"es' n|`*`jt1d!amy1h:"cw1my"my1- #c4 e)"c+"n>`*'e."e|"i/"o/"az"j8"o 7,A7 m0`k31i:"oy'jz1ox'a/"hw"m0`k31f$' k_`e*`m/`9191- 7,B7 e*`m/`9191i:"?'n3"iz"e)"es'n|`d!a $1*'b_"h3"- 7,C7 i:"k+"k!"d*"d('s`gu1e('k*1e*`m/` 9191- 7,D7 e*`m/`9191hw"o<1/"k}`a&'av`b/'- #d4 ku'k|"ou`=12 #aice nt1q>'iz'c!aiu1 m!ai:"o 7,A7 d!1k31gu1hw"*'bx`m%"*"o<1cv`r$" ix"i(`j:"kt"d%"e*`m/`9191- 7,B7 o0"f>`-e*`m/`q>'o{`f>'d*"*'k!"k}' |1e{`rw1d!aft1~1e/"m{1e*"c+"- 7,C7 e*`m/`my1e?"pt"ot"d!acs1ey1- 7,D7 m>`c*")"-?'n3"iz"e)"es'n|`kw`my1- d>1v"33 #a4 ,C #b4 ,D #c4 ,B #d4 ,A 33333333333333333333 8,Words for ,Reference0 ? figurine n4 k&'hw`;e{`e/"e." ? porcelain n4 j:1j*"{k*1r!1my1j:12 o/"l!`i/`o ? ,Franciscan a4 qx'k*"k!"r$"d!a ? sibling n4 i(`h/12e6'd*"k+`m0" ? pastoral a4 ft1~1iz'r31d!a ? subsequently adv4 e$1r("2r("cw1 ? artsy a4 *"i/"d!a;q/"6'qz')`d!a ? station vt4 i:`a/"a>1;o/"i/`{d3'6" o0"d&"|`fw"o ? retail a4 cy1i("d!a ? craftsmanship n4 k*"j{` ? exacting a4 {'js1k%'d!a2l!'js1d!a ? three-dimensional a4 #c,D d!a2c*"f*` d!a 7bx1e3'e+`$1 #c-,D7 dimensional a4 $1d/"d!a;{bx1,l}',k%' dz`o b:`j="d!a ? representation n4 o{`et" ? collectible n4 i('jx1p?` ? diminish vi4 kt`i%` 33333333333333333333 8,Practical ,Phrases0 #a4 be modeled on/ after''' m<1qx`""" ,This hotel is modeled on a ,French castle4 a!"kt'c|`k}`i:"m<1qx`*'d&"q>"k31k/`o%` i!"k*"d!a- #b4 be renowned for''' ?'"""=1my1 ,This museum is renowned for its architecture as well as the art it houses4 a!"kt'o<1/"k}`*`j*1kt"a/1|`i('jx1d!a*" i/"p?`:1a/"bz'- #c4 be dedicated to ,N/ ,V-ing et"k0`/ a:"c*"|1""" ,This statue is dedicated to the greatest basketball player ever4 a!"h3"d{'e."i:"et"k0`n>"$"i:`ix"h$"$` d>"d!acv1js1~1- #d4 range from ,A to ,B qv"$1j&1 ,A d%" ,B ,Lydia has had many different jobs1 ranging from being a salesperson to a lifeguard4 c*"d*")`jz1h3"k3"e|`d3'o/"f&1d!ak&' h3"2j&1+"/"~1d%"ks"iz'~1d('s`- #e4 convince sb to ,V i$"q/1m(`gu1 {h3"o""" convince vt4 i$"q/1 ,No one could ever convince me to cheat on a test4 m01s`gu1nz1i$"q/13`l%`i:"h3"o*"- #f4 be named after''' *`"""d!amy1h:" my"my1 ,Betty's son was named after her favorite writer4 o0"d*"*`f>'h$"e*`r}'d!ah3"k)'cw1f*":1 h:amy"my1- 33333333333333333333 8,Words in ,Use0 #a4 depict vt4 m{1i/"2ey1g&1 depict ,A as ,B o>` ,A m{1i/"bz1 ,B .k describe ,A as ,B ,In her diary1 ,Shelly depicted the famous singer as the man of her dreams4 e8`c*"hw"g:"k*"c*`o>`n>"$"my1k!'i(`m{1 r$"bz1f>'d!amz"a&'jy1gu1- #b4 unveil vt4 i:`k&'a/'|1i:";k+'lw'; k+'c/" ,Magicians never unveil their secrets to the public4 m<1i/"i:'j&1cw1o/"r$"k.'f>'mu1d!am*" m*"k&'a/'|1i:"- #c4 sketch n4 e/"m{12j%`f/1 & vt4 e/" m{12e+`iz' ,Andy quickly drew a sketch of the construction site4 v'd*1ru`e4"e/"d*"r9"c!a*'q/1k&'d*"d!a j%`f/1- ,Jim sketched a picture of ,Maria while she was sleeping4 k*1m/`hw"m>`c*")"i$"k{"i:1r9"c!af>'d!a e/"m{1- #d4 nurture vt4 p01|"2.`|" ,Children nurtured in an overprotective environment are often immature4 hw"k3"qu"o%`r/"d!ar}1ky"e)".`|"b/'cw1 d!arw1h:af&'bx1d('o/"k("bz1i/1- #e4 acquire vt4 d!1d%"2r3"d!1 ,Mr4 ,White acquired his wealth by investing in stocks4 r71f!"et'iz'l%"f(1h:'k/`p{"a:"q/"- #f4 popularize vt4 i:`p/`k*12i:`cs1ey1 ,The creative advertisement will help popularize our product4 a!"k!"b&'mv`b_"*"d!ak_`k%"k.'s`a/"|13` mu1bv`p?`d!ap/`k*1- #g4 evoke vt4 r}"j*`{k*"*",kv`jy1dz`o ,That song evokes memories of my college life4 n>"i(`k!'r}"j*`c!a3`d>"e81iz'r31d!ar$1 *"- #h4 cherish vt4 au'w"2au'e*1 .k treasure vt4 .k value vt4 ,I cherish the time ,I spend with my parents4 3`au'e*1rv"q/"m/`e.'b/`d!ai:1kt'- #i4 collector n4 i('jx1k)' collect vt4 i('jx12e('k*1 ,A young collector bid ,,US 4#e1jjj for an antique vase at the auction4 *'my1nt1jy'i('jx1k)'hw"pw'mw"r$"ix"b/' k)"/`jt'm0`~1ky"o{'*'k!"k/`d&`r9'py1- ,The chef collected #ej of his favorite recipes and published them as a cookbook4 n>"$"d>"b/1e('k*1c!a/`i:1k!"f>'h$"w" d!ai:1p/`2k.'f>'mu1b/'ov`bz1*'ou`pz'gu" i/'- #aj4 intricate a4 j3"h&"q/"h>1d!a;nv1 *`c*`k+`d!a ,The building has walls with intricate geometric designs4 n>"d&"kt"a/1/"d!aj.1ix"s`a!aq/"h>1d!a k*`r!1f/1v"- 99 geometric a4 k*`r!1f/1ey1d!a #aa4 convey vt4 b}1d>12b}1d*" ,I tried to convey the idea that reading can be fun to my children4 3`i:"a!ae."3`d!ae{`rw1b}1d>18"d/1l!`*` ru`s`j|"d!ak}'nt"- #ab4 inspire vt4 j*`q>';k*'q>'2k*'c*" inspire sb to ,V k*'c*"m(`gu1h3"""" ,The story of the successful athlete inspired me to stick to my dream4 n>"my1bz1k&'4"d&"~1d!ak/"i:"k*'c*"3` kt'b:1h:"k*`d!amz"e.`- #ac4 sole a4 $1*'d!a2dv'd/1d!a ,Our sole objective is to restore public confidence in our products4 3`mu1$1*'d!am/"o{'ks"i:"b&1i:1d>"a&" d$"3`mu1bv`p?`d!ae?"e?'- 33333333333333333333 8,Grammar ,Tips0 ,These fine porcelain pieces that depict happy children and babies have been charming people and warming hearts ever since they were first unveiled to the ,German public in #aice4 ever since d!a6"q>` 99 ever since nw` since a:'jt1k)'c!a q/"j:1 ever1 j:`b/" ever oy"/1f!"i/'*" *"2a:`hw"j.1d{" since *'h:"- ever since d!a6"q>`*'g/1 since1 s`e)"c+"k&'nz133 a4 h3"q/"j:1ct1k+'j:12o{`;-h:" j&1"""-22;-h:""""a:'r("-22?`d%`k3"j|" i:"d!aq/"j:1h:`k|"2es'i:"}1bz1i:"r3"}1 bz1k?"ey1i:"d!aa/`{"h:`k|"- ,I've enjoyed learning ,English ever since ,I was a child4 3`j&1e{`ks"*'a:1e*`r}'e81y'|`- b4 h3"k+"j:12o{`;-h:"j&1"""-22;-h:"""" a:'r("-22a:'r("l!`k+'my1j8"d!ai:1kt',my1 j:1,d&"my1j:1r3"i:1kt'q/"j:1 then1 ey1 bz1q/"j:1pt"|`2es'i:"}1bz1i:"r3"}1bz1k?" ey1i:"d!aa/`{"h:`k|"- ,Ever since moving to ,Cuba1 my brother has written many interesting letters about his adventures4 h:"j&13`d*"ov'd%"k/`o>'r("2f>'*`ky'e+` c!ae|`d3'qz'k}'|1f>'m%"et`d!as`j|"e?" kt"- c4 h3"q/"j:12o{`;-j&1n>"i:1j*`,h:"j:` *`r("-22es'i:"}1bz1i:"r3"}1bz1k?"ey1i:" d!aa/`{"h:`k|"- ,Emma watched the movie last week and hasn't stopped talking about it ever since4 w"m>`j&1ix"ey'j*1lv"}1n>"o/"dt"y`r(" ks"*'a:1fv1k!"o/"fy1- ---------------------------------------- ky'e~`i:"f*1 ,My computer ---- with problems ever since ,I installed that program4 7,A7 is plagued 7,B7 was plagued 7,C7 had plagued 7,D7 has been plagued d>1v"33 ,D 33333333333333333333 8,More to ,Learn0 a sense of nostalgia r71ks"kv` nostalgia n4 r71ks"a:'jy1;e.'b(1 ,Nick was filled with a sense of nostalgia as he looked through a box full of his childhood toys4 dx'n*1l!"qv'lv"a_'mv`f&1nt1}1k|"d!ae.' h:ai:12n0"e?'b&'mv`c!ar71ks"kv`- ---------------------------------------- sense o{`;-"""kv`-2 i:1$1l!`i/`my1j:12 f&'bx1i:`6"dv'i/"oy"|`o/"dy"k}"j:1 a oy" 6"2bx1kt"6"q>` g/1e)"33 a4 a sense of achievement bz1ks"kv` ,Johnny felt a sense of achievement after finishing the assigned project4 }1bz1a:`dy"d!aa}'v"r("2j.1n*1k81d!aru` s`bz1ks"kv`- b4 a sense of humor s'm<"kv` ,Kate lacks a sense of humor4 ,She rarely gets any of the jokes we tell4 lw`f!"j8'q>1s'm<"kv`- f>'ru`i%`fy'd&` 3`mu1i3'd!ae{"r9"- c4 a sense of direction qx'e."kv` ,Helen often gets lost because she has an awful sense of direction4 rw`c=1?'$"qx'e."kv`ru`b>'2e3`*`f>'i:1 bx1m*1c/"- d4 a sense of guilt h$"!"kv` ,I felt a sense of guilt about leaving my cat at home alone for so many days1 so ,I asked my friend to watch her4 o>`m%'m*'dv'd/1cs1hw"k)'c*`n>"m!ad3' ft'gx"3`s`h$"!"kv`2e3`*`3`jy`pz1s`a%"k/" f>'- e4 a sense of belonging k$'i/`kv` ,Working for this company has given me a sense of belonging4 f*"a!"k)'k&'e:'e{"c*"k0`3`*'a&`k$'i/` kv`- 33333333333333333333 gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg #a/#ag k+`e*'=1q>` d*"o>'ax' q/"j:1 d*"ev'k+1 a&"{"d!aq/"j:16"q>`{e|"o #ab4 ,Short ,Response {kt`y'k|"o33 n*`i:""""23`+`i:";n*`o/"i:""""23`+` o/"i:"- a4 lu`dy"k|"6" so {i:`6"i:12jw`d%"a_' k|"k("o r3" too4 hw"j:`6"q>`a&'2 so i:" q/"j:12o{`;-f&1."d*"-2 a:'*"2oy"q0'ct1 k+'j:12k/"a:'jt1y's`ct1k+'j:1 and ct1k+' c.`k|"- #a7 be d&"j:133a/`j:1|` be d&"j:1d%" a_'- ,He's nice1 and so is she4 .k ,He's nice1 and she is1 too4 f>'gu1ru`r%`2f>'+`i:"- ,He was going home1 and so was she4 .k ,He was going home1 and she was1 too4 f>'k*1k.'r$1k)'2f>'+`i:"- #b7 a/"d&"j:133a/`j:1|`a/"d&"j:1d%" a_'- ,He will go1 and so will she4 .k ,He will go1 and she will1 too4 f>'r$"j|"2f>'+`r$"- ,He has gone1 and so has she4 .k ,He has gone1 and she has1 too4 f>'h(`c!a2f>'+`i:"- #c7 *'ov'd&"j:133a/`j:1|` do1 does1 did d%"a_'- ,He went1 and so did she4 .k ,He went1 and she did1 too4 f>'j|"c!a2f>'+`j|"c!a- ,He has a book1 and so does she4 .k ,He has a book1 and she does1 too4 f>'s`*'ou`i/'2f>'+`s`- a/"*" hw"d$"r9"a&'2c.`k|"a:`d!ai:"f&1*'gu1 i:12o/"c="k|"h:ai:"lu`dy"k|"r3"q(`dy" k|"2k4'6" so ?`d%`2j+`k|"h:ao/"d%"a_'- j:`i:1 so *"$1q/"j:12e.'dx'|1 indeed {d*1j8"o- ,A3 ,He's selfish4 ,B3 ,So he is4 7.k ,Indeed he is47 k)`33f>'ru`h:"e:'- *`33f>'d*1j8"ru`h:"e:'- ,A3 ,You can't do it4 ,B3 ,So ,I can't4 7.k ,Indeed ,I can't47 k)`33n*`h3"o/"c!aa!"kt"i:"- *`33 3`d*1j8"h3"o/"c!a- b4 q(`dy"k|"6" neither1 nor {i:`6"i:12 j*1r("e|'jw`d%"a_'k|"k("o r3" either4 neither $1q/"j:12a:'jt1e|'a:"ct1k+'j:1 and1 :1 nor $1ct1k+'j:12jt1mt"o/"o*"a:" and4 #a7 be d&"j:133a/`j:1|` be d&"j:1d%" a_'- ,He isn't tall1 and neither is his son4 .k ,He isn't tall1 nor is his son4 .k ,He isn't tall1 and his son isn't1 either4 f>'o/"k%'2f>':1h:a+`o/"k%'- ,He wasn't going home1 and neither was she4 .k ,He wasn't going home1 nor was she4 .k ,He wasn't going home1 and she wasn't1 either4 f>'m01s`{"r$1k)'2f>'+`m01s`- #b7 a/"d&"j:133a/`j:1|`a/"d&"j:1d%" a_'- ,He won't come1 and neither will she4 .k ,He won't come1 nor will she4 .k ,He won't come1 and she won't1 either4 f>'o/"r$"cw12f>'+`o/"r$"- ,He hasn't gone1 and neither has she4 .k ,He hasn't gone1 nor has she4 .k ,He hasn't gone1 and she hasn't1 either4 f>'rw1m01c*1lw'2f>'+`rw1m01- #c7 *'ov'd&"j:133a/`j:1|` do1 does1 did d%"a_'- ,He never tells a lie1 and neither does she4 .k ,He never tells a lie1 nor does she4 .k ,He never tells a lie1 and she doesn't1 either4 f>'j&1o/"i3'r_`2f>'+`j&1o/"i3'r_`- ,He has no money1 and neither does she4 .k ,He has no money1 nor does she4 .k ,He has no money1 and she doesn't1 either4 f>'m01jt12f>'+`m01jt1- a/"*" also {+`o a:`nz16"hw"lu`dy"k|"a&'2a:" |1 be d&"j:1a:'r("r3"*'ov'd&"j:1a:'jt1- ,He's kind1 and she is also kind4 f>'ru`j?'j+"2f>'+`i:"- ,He has a pen1 and she also has one4 f>'s`*'a:'o*`2f>'+`s`*'a:'- gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg #a/#ah =1e81}"r9'f&` ,Ragnar8 k o0`('iu1r9""1a/'iu1r_1r=' 8dw"my1j:1 neither1 either1 both1 any1 all k*1 none0 d!a6"q>` by ,Jamie ,Blackler ,Vikings were fierce warriors who used their ships to explore uncharted territory4 ,The driving force behind the ,Vikings' rise to glory was the inspiration they received from ,Norse mythology4 ,Similar to the myths of ancient ,Rome and ,Greece1 these tales provided life lessons and attempted to explain mankind's relationship with the gods and nature4 ,The ,Norse universe is a realm of nine worlds filled with gods1 goddesses1 and spiritual beings4 ,In the beginning1 the universe was a dark and empty place4 ,There was fire in the north and ice in the south4 ,Over time1 these two forces drew closer together1 and the fire melted the ice4 ,Drops of water turned into gods and their enemies1 the evil giants4 ,Life began when ,Odin1 the supreme ,God1 and his brothers killed ,Ymir1 an enormous frost giant4 ,Ymir's dead body was then used to create the ,Earth4 ,The ground was made from ,Ymir's skin and muscles while his blood became the oceans4 ,The giant's hair turned into plants1 and his brain became the clouds4 ,Once ,Earth was made1 the gods started to create living beings4 ,The first man was created from an ash tree1 and the first woman was shaped out of a vine4 ,Although ,Odin and the gods were pleased with their creation1 they knew that it would not endure forever4 ,In their dreams1 they received warnings that one day1 the evil forces of the universe would rise up and defeat them4 ,In this terrible event1 known as ,Ragnar8 k1 the entire cosmos would be destroyed4 33333333333333333333 $1ky'gu1i:"e6'rv"d!aav"i:"2f>'mu1bz1 a!ah:"k*`d!ab}1j|"fv"e3`$"a:'cy`|"- $1 ky'gu1k_'g&1k81j*`d!ad&"c*"i:"cw1h:"o0` ('iu1r9"k0`f>'mu1d!acy1kv`- a!"e+'k/"i:" |`k/`c31m>`rv"e*'c>"iu1r9"c0"e:"2k.`i/" c!agu1iz'd%"c*`oy"i:"f/1k+`i:"gu1c0"|` a&"iu1k*1h:"gv1d!ak}'e*"- o0`('iu1r9"a&'d!a|`a("i:"s`ks`k!"i:" k+"d!a*'k!"k31d/"2b&'mv`c!aiu1,n|`iu1rv" et'gu1- j*`b/'2a!"k!"|`a("i:"k!"r0'v"s" l&'dx"dx"d!ad*"qx'- o0`qx's`r3`2nv1qx's` oy'- e$1a!ai:1kt'f$'*12a!"c.`k/`c*"c." c>'k?"c!ak|"c*12r3`g&1r9"c!aoy'- *'d*' d*'d!ai$`a/'ot"bz1iu1k*1j*1d*1gu133e+1!" d!ak|"gu1- dx'a/`iu1%"dy'k*1j*1e6'd*"i>' e:`c!ak|"d>"d!ai_'k|"gu1s1m*1:`i:12iz' my"ks"j:`av`lw'- s1m*1:`d!ai:'f*`r("cw1 o0"6"*`b_"h%"d*"js1- f/`d*"i:"s1s1m*1:` d!ap*1q/'k*1k*'g("ey1bz12:1f>'d!ae8"*" h!1ot"bz1c!arw`.1- a!"my1k|"gu1d!af(1q>` ot"bz1c!aa:1/"2f>'d!an%`h!1bz1c!a41d3`- dx'd*"js1*'o0"b_"h%"b/'cw12a&"iu1ot" lw'i:`b_"h%"iz'/"- d*"*'k!"nv1gu1i:"6" ow1c>"i/"b_"h%":1bz12d*"*'k!"n|`gu1h!16" fz1mv"cw1e/"h%"- k?`k}`%"dy'rv"a&"iu1d$" f>'mu1d!ab_"h3"kv`d%"mv`*"2dv"f>'mu1a:' d%"f>'o/"r$"6`~`bx1j=1- f>'mu1hw"mz"c*` i('d%"ky`e4"2|`a("e+1!"d!ac*"c."s`*'ft' r$"k81j*`oy"k*1ow"f>'mu1- hw"a!"k!"my1$1 a/'iu1r_1r='d!al!`p>"i:"kt"a&'2az`k!"|` a("k.'o0"r$`m+"- 33333333333333333333 8,Words in ,Use0 #a4 fierce a4 e6'mz`d!a ,Big cats1 such as lions and tigers1 are fierce predators4 a/'g/1i:'h:arv"c%`r/`dz`d>"ey1m%'l!' d&"/"i:"e6'mz`d!ac8"i:1a!`- #b4 explore vt4 fv"e3`;fv"et` ,The astronaut hopes to explore distant planets and encounter intelligent life forms4 n>"my1fw"l&'gu1e*'_"fv"e3`{1~`d!aey' js12oy"|"d%"s`a:"r$"d!aiz'my"f*`- #c4 territory n4 cy`|";cy`f/` ,These two countries are fighting over a small territory4 a!"c.`k!"k31k)'az"hw"az'd31*'l7"e{`cy` f/`- #d4 glory n4 k_'g&12g&1{" ,Roger reveled in the glory of winning the tennis tournament4 c31k+1f%1h$"|1y1d!1_`js1k?`o{'ew"d!a g&1{"a&'- 99 revel in''' f%1h$"|1""" revel vi4 f%1h$";bu1m*1 #e4 inspiration n4 cy1kv` ,As a writer1 ,Stanley gathers inspiration from everyday life4 iu'$1h3"k)'2i:`dv'c*"j&1g:"bx1iz'r31 a&'k*1j|`cy1kv`- #f4 realm n4 _1k31{d3'6"|1=1e81o;cy` |"2qv"$1 ,Dr4 ,Johnson is an expert in the realm of ,English literature4 j.1eu'o<1i:"i:"y'k31=1e81cy`|"d!aa}' k)'- #g4 spiritual a4 e?'cy1ix"d!a;h&'k{" ix"d!a ,Islam was inspired by the teachings of the spiritual leader ,Muhammed4 *'e:'cv1k{"i:"i("h&'k{"cy`es"m/"rv`m<" d!1d!ak{"*"j*`q>':1bz1- #h4 evil a4 e+1!"d!a ,In fairy tales1 witches are typically portrayed as evil women4 hw"f&1r9"k/"i:"c*`2n|`/'f&'bx1o0"m{1 e+`bz1e+1!"d!an|`gu1- #i4 supreme a4 a:"ix"d!a;h$"k%'d!a ,The ,Constitution endows the president with supreme authority4 et"q>`q/"|`h&`f&`a:"k%'/1ix"d!aj~1$'- 99 endow sb with sth q/"|`m(`gu1m(`/" #aj4 endure vi4 b:1e|"j=1hw" ,My friendship with my best friend ,Amy has endured for over #bj years4 3`rv"3`d!aa:"s`w"m*'d!as`*1*`b:1e|"bx1 d>1:"i:1d3'nt1- #aa4 defeat vt4 k*1ow"2d>`ow" ,Al is a formidable opponent1 but ,I will defeat him4 w":`i:"k!"nv1d$"q/"d!ad$"i(`2dv"3`*' dy"r$"d>`ow"f>'- 33333333333333333333 8,More to ,Learn0 mythology n4 iu1r9"{k*1r!1my1j:12o/" l!`i/`o ,Norse/ ,Greek mythology o0`('/ e*'c>" iu1r9" ,Fire-breathing dragons are creatures that only exist in mythology4 pu'r3`c&1i:"a:`j=1hw"|1iu1r9"a&'d!aiz' /"- ---------------------------------------- *`e)"c+"k|`j*1f>'rv";-k/"i:"-2 e.'k}' d!ah:"33 a4 myth n4 iu1r9"2b}1i3'{l!`i/`o ,Most religions have their own creation myths4 d>"o/"qu"h&'k{"d('s`h:"k*`d!ab_"i:"iu1 r9"- b4 legend n4 b}1i3'2b}1j*1k/"i:" ,Ancient legend tells of a giant bear that lives in the hills just outside of town4 k/`c%`b}1i3'k.`d%"*'a:'k|"e61a/"hw"bz1 7"d!aiv'js'ix"- c4 a fairy tale f&1r9"k/"i:" ,Snow ,White and the ,Seven ,Dwarfs is a household fairy tale4 {ow1e8`k&'a/`o i:"*'k!"k)'|"r/"e{`d!a f&1r9"k/"i:"- d4 folklore n4 m?1kt'b}1i3'{k*1r!1my1 j:12o/"l!`i/`o ,That author's works are almost entirely based on ,Irish folklore4 n>"$"h3"k)'d!ah3"p?`k*'r/'j~1i:"*`w":` cv1m?1kt'b}1i3'$1k*'b/`- e4 fable n4 {rv1s`d&"/"k{`e!"d!ao |"t1 k/"i:" ,Children can learn a lot from reading fables4 rw1h:amu1l!`j&18"d/1|"t1k/"i:"a&'e81 d%"ru`d3'- 33333333333333333333 8,Words for ,Reference0 ? warrior n4 6`i:"2av"i:" ? uncharted a4 {d*"f/1ix"o m01s`k*" hw"d!a ? a driving force f$'d&"c*"2m/"r("f$' i(` ? ,Norse a4 k/`dw"e:'lv'd*"n>"$1)"gu1 d!a;{s1a:`o o0`('rw`d%"d!a ? frost n4 i_' ? ash n4 ow1c>"i/" ? vine n4 fz1mv" ? cosmos n4 |`a(" 33333333333333333333 8,Practical ,Phrases0 #a4 be similar to''' rv""""e.'e:" ,That gold watch is very similar to the one ,I just lost4 n>"a:'k?'o{`rv"3`kx'*1i:'d!an>"a:'q0' bx1e.'e:"- #b4 attempt to ,V j*"f/1/ i:"f/1 {h3"o""" ,William attempted to live out his own dream through his son4 $'ct1i:"f/1f("k3":1h:ai:1et"h:"k*`d!a mz"e.`- #c4 turn into''' ot"bz1""" ,You'd better carry an umbrella with you in case the drizzle turns into a pouring rain4 n*`h$"r%`e$1iu'dw"o>`ev`2*`mt`a!"m%1 m%1|`ot"bz1jy'pu1d>"|`- 99 drizzle n4 m%1m%1|` #d4 be pleased with''' d$""""ru`mv`*" ,The whole family was very pleased with the new house4 j~1k)'d('d$"a!"kt'e?'qx1h:akv`d%"q0' bx1mv`*"- gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg #a/#ai =1e81}"r9'f&` ,Ragnar8 k o0`('iu1r9""1a/'iu1r_1r=' ,According to ,Viking legend1 the mythical cycle of ,Ragnar8 k began with the death of ,Baldur1 one of the ,Norse gods4 ,As predicted1 he was murdered by another god named ,Loki and sent to the underworld4 ,When humans received news of ,Baldur's passing1 they sank into a deep depression4 ,Soon after1 the ,Great ,Winter spread1 and the planet became a dark1 icy place4 ,Although ,Odin knew that saving the universe was a lost cause1 he vowed to fight until the end4 ,He assembled an army of warriors to battle against the forces of evil4 ,The war began when ,Loki and his son1 a gigantic wolf named ,Fenrir1 escaped from the underworld4 ,They led their own massive army of giants to ,Asgard1 the home of the gods4 ,Upon spotting them1 the watchman1 ,Heimdall1 blew his horn to notify the gods1 and the fighting began4 ,Fenrir opened his mouth and began eating the universe4 ,His mouth was so large that he even managed to swallow the sun4 ,Still1 the forces of good would not give up4 ,Thor1 the god of thunder1 fought the giant serpent1 ,J8 rmungandr1 to the death4 ,Heimdall and ,Loki also locked horns1 and neither would survive the encounter4 ,Near the end of ,Ragnar8 k1 ,Odin was killed trying to stop ,Fenrir4 ,Shortly after1 ,Fenrir was destroyed by ,Odin's son1 ,Vidar4 ,At this point1 the universe had suffered too much damage4 ,All of the land collapsed into the sea and the universe became empty once again4 ,Luckily1 this period of darkness wouldn't last long4 ,The universe slowly came back to life as the land rose out of the sea to become more beautiful than ever4 ,As with the cycle of life1 the gods returned and took control of the universe once again4 33333333333333333333 ku'k|"$1ky'b}1i3'2k}'|1a/'iu1r_1r='d!a iu1r9"a('j*1i:`|1j*1a&'*'my1o0`('a:'iu1 o>'d!1:`d!ae:`_1- g/1|"t1e3`i/"2f>'i:" o0"cy"*'$"my1k{"c3"k*'d!aiu1m(1i>'oy"e&" a:"my1k+"- dx'gu1c0"k+'r3"o>'d!1:`d!ae:` e4"i:12f>'mu1iu'et"k|`ex"- o/"ks`a:'r("2 t1d&'mv"t12az`k!"d*"js1ot"d!av"dv"oy' cz`- e$'gv1%"dy'my1ow1az`ks"|`a("i:"r%1 /1e*'_"d!ai:"2dv"f>'i:"t1{"qu"av"d%"d*`- f>'h/`a:'*'a:'av"i:"d>"k4'cw1d$"lx"!"i:" c*"- hw"c3"k*'k*1j*1k|"cx1:1h:aqu'c*`:`f%1 b/'my1k+"r("2av"az'ot"lw'i:`c!a- f>'mu1 i7"cy`h:"k*`d!a*'a:'px1d>"k|"gu1k4'd$" jt1_`a&"iu1d!aa/"e3`>'e:'k)'f!"- dx'i(` r/"a!`rw`m/`d>1:`*'lv"d%"f>'mu12f>'ks" b$'j*`r%"k{`k%"a:'a&"iu12av"d("ks"j:`av` lw'- qu'c*`:`ax'd>"h$`o>'lw'i:`f='i:"|`a("- f>'d!ah$`o>'d>"d%"iu"a:"i!"q>`f='d{"c!a fw".1- o/"k3"2iv"c.1d!a*'qx'oy"$"qx"j*"- c01iu1e3`:`|`k|"i!1+'mz"k)'d!1pv"d("a:" e:`- rw`m/`d>1:`rv"c3"k*'+`lw'i:`bv1d("2 c.`a!`d('m01nz1j=1r31e)"cw1- k+'k?"a/' iu1r_1r='d!a$`iz'2%"dy'?'i:"f/1h/`a:`qu' c*`:`:1o0"i>'e:`- o/"ks`r("2qu'c*`:`o0" %"dy'd!a:1h:a$1d>1e3`i>'- j:`i:12|`a("*` h%'i("k*1d>"d!ap<"r7"- e3`s`c/"d*"bu1g/" rw`c*`2|`a("hw"d/"ot"d!al&'e|'- e3`ey"2a!"k!"r0'v"i:1j*1oy"m01s`b:1e|" fw"ks`- e$1a!ac/"d*"q/1ix"rw`mt"2|`a(" ot"d!ao*`*`_`kz"k)'m0`c*"j+`mv"mv"d*"r$' q/"iz'k*'- g/1f&1iz'my"d!ae41r}1*'ov'2 a&"iu1b&1iz'oy"hw"d/"ax`l&"|`a("- 33333333333333333333 8,Words in ,Use0 #a4 predict vt4 |"c{"2|"j!" ,Analysts predicted a stock market crash1 but it was just a false alarm4 qu'e*'i:'|"j!"k/`i:"r$"oz'pv12dv"a:` i:"e|'ky'*'bx`- 99 a false alarm e|'ky'*'bx` #b4 murder vt4 m(1i>' ,The police hope the investigation will reveal who murdered the politician4 ky`qx'e*'_"d{"b>1nz1k+'c/"i:"i01m(1i>' c!akw'az"a:"gu1/"- #c4 depression n4 k|`ex";s'|" ,Singing at a ,,KTV with friends is the best way for me to get rid of depression4 rv"pz1s`j|" ,,KTV bx"k!'i:"3`ow`f3'k|` ex"h$"r%`d!aqx'q>`- #d4 spread vi4 mv"t1{ev'fw"f&1ey1o ,Scientists are trying to figure out how fast the disease spreads4 l!'e81k)'az"i!"q>`c*1jy'a!"a&`k*1oy" d!amv"t1e/"d/"s`d3'l7"- #e4 vow vt4 q>'i:" vow to ,V q>'i:"{"h3"""" ,Peter and ,Judy vowed to be there for each other1 no matter what4 o*`d!1rv"a/'d*"q>'i:"/1c="g/1r!1d('{" dw'hw"o*`j:`iu'ot'- #f4 assemble vt4 h/`r!1;h/`a_' ,We assembled the bed in the middle of the room4 3`mu1hw"qx1kt'a&'.'h/`a_'r%`n>"ax'b_1- #g4 battle vi4 qu"av"2o<1d(" battle against''' |`"""d$"av" battle for''' $"c!a""":1av" ,Those soldiers battled for their lives during the final days of the war4 n>"e+'i:"oy'mu1hw"av"az'd!ah$"r("k*` ft'$"o%`$"h:"k*`d!aiz'my":1av"- #h4 notify vt4 f&'a:'2k%"a:' notify sb of sth k%"a:'m(`gu1m(`i:" .k inform sb of sth ,Our receptionist will notify you of the arrival of your guests4 dx'l!"gu1d*`d>1i:123`mu1d!ak+'dw"gu1~1 r$"f&'a:'n?1- #i4 encounter n4 h%'|"2ky'c*" ,This article is about the reporter's first encounter with war4 a!"pt'=1ax'e+`d!ai:"kw'k*"a!`d*"*'j:" h%'|"av"az'd!aky'c*"- #aj4 collapse vi4 d%`f>'2oz'l$" ,Many buildings collapsed when that devastating earthquake occurred4 ru`d3'd>"c(1hw"n>"bx`k*1k|"p<"r7"ey" d!ad*"au"a&'d%`f>'- 33333333333333333333 8,More to ,Learn0 swallow vt4 f='e)"2t"e)" ,The mother watched to make sure her sick child swallowed the pills4 n>"my1m/`j?'lv"a!aiz'oy"d!arw1h:a2*` j8"o%`f>'k.'{"}1f='e)"j|"- ----------------------------------- *`e)"c+"k|`j*1f>'k}'|1;-b:'-2 d!ai3' q>`33 a4 devour vt4 cx1f='r/`t"d*"b:' ,Jimmy devoured the plate of spaghetti in less than five minutes4 k*1m*`o/"d%"/`qu'a&'ks"k.'n>"pv1*"d>" c*"mt"b:'k_'k_'- b4 munch vi4 k?'k?'s`$"d*"k|`k81{bx1|` k+"j:1 on oy"6"o ,Could you get me something to munch on while ,I wait for dinner8 3`hw"dz`}`jv'i:12n*`l!`*`n>1dt`d&'e*a gx"3`k+`k+`bv1m>ao c4 nibble vi4 *'dt`*'dt`d*"b:'{|`k+" j:1 on oy"6"o ,James nibbled on his food and didn't finish lunch until two o'clock4 av'm/`i:"e*"k81mv"t"d*"b:'/`jv'2a:1d%" e)"/`c.`dt`jw1b:'}1- d4 chomp vi4 d>"l(`k|`k81{|`k+"j:1 on oy"6"o ,A herd of cows chomped on the grass in the pasture4 *'j41g/`ns1hw"m/"bx`c*`d>"l(`k{1a!ajy' j%`- 33333333333333333333 8,Grammar ,Tips0 ,Heimdall and ,Loki also locked horns1 and neither would survive the encounter4 *`e)"$1dw"my1j:1 neither1 either1 both1 any1 all k*1 none d!a6"q>`- 99 neither o{`;-c.`a!`k+'o/"-2- ,Neither of the two people speaks ,English4 a!"c.`k!"gu1m01s`*'k!"r$"i3'y'|`- 99 either o{`;-c.`a!`a&'gu"*'-2- ,Now we have coffee and tea1 so you can have either4 3`mu1et"hw"s`l>'q0'rv"b>12?'j:`n*`l!` *`gu"e~`*'a&`- 99 both o{`;-c.`a!`k+'-2- ,Both of ,Josh's parents are medical professionals4 j{1e|`d!aq/"m/`d('i:"*'c{1a}'+"gu1i:"- 99 any o{`;-ev'a!`r3"*`ix"gu"*'-2- ,I offered a lot of solutions1 but they don't want to try any of them4 3`f*1k&'c!aru`d3'k+`k81d!aqx'i:"2dv" f>'mu1*'a&`+`o/"~"*"bx1i:"- 99 all o{`;-ev'a!`r3"*`ix"k+'-2- ,All of the apples are rotten4 a!"e+'py1k3`j~1d('cv"d{"c!a- 99 none o{`;-ev'a!`r3"*`ix"k+'o/"-2- ,David felt left out when none of his classmates invited him to the party4 d>"$"d!af&1e81m01s`*'k!"{'f>'jv'k)'pw" d$"2gx"f>'kv`k81o0"pw1k*`c!a- ---------------------------------------- ky'e~`i:"f*1 ---- of us carries credit cards1 so we prefer to pay in cash4 7,A7 ,Any 7,B7 ,Either 7,C7 ,Both 7,D7 ,Neither d>1v"33 ,D 33333333333333333333 8,Words for ,Reference0 ? underworld n4 my1k+"2?'kt' ? passing n4 e:`j|"2j|"i:" ? icy a4 oy'd!a ? a lost cause a/"dy"i:'ow"d!ai:" ? gigantic a4 k|"d>"d!a2px1d>"d!a ? massive a4 k|"d>"d!a ? watchman n4 lv'i(`~1 ? serpent n4 d>"i!1 33333333333333333333 8,Practical ,Phrases0 #a4 manage to ,V i!"q>`{h3"d%"o""" ,Even though ,I am busy studying1 ,I still manage to go swimming two or three times a week4 e$'gv13`mx1|1nt"i/'23`gz1r$"i!"q>`m0` a('s16`c.`d%"ev'j:"- #b4 lock horns 7with sb7 |`m(`gu1az' d("/ az'b%` ,The band has locked horns with their record company over the album4 n>"k!"8"f}1?'$"a}'k*1d!ai:"jy1rv"bx" pt"k&'e:'b%`d!ao/"l!`lw'k{'- #c4 come back to life q/"r31;a}`i:" ,Even though it's impossible1 some people still want to find a way for their loved ones to come back to life4 k*1ot"n>"i:"o/"l!`nz1d!ai:"2s`e+'gu1 gz1e.`a%`d%"gx"e?'w"d!agu1q/"r31d!aqx' q>`- #d4 as with''' g/1f&1"""*'." ,Japanese1 as with any other language1 takes a lot of time and dedication to master4 g:"=1ks"e."j*1f>'|`t1*'."2e|'{"f(1a/" ru`d3'i:1kt'|`e?'c*"jw1nz1ky'f&'- #e4 take control of''' ax`l&"""" ,The revolutionary leader took control of that country in the #aicjs4 kw'k!1my"cy`es"hw" #aicj nt1dw"ax`l&" c!an>"k!"k31k)'- 33333333333333333333 8,For ,Your ,Information0 o0`('iu1r9"i:"e:'lv'd*"n>"$1)"d*"j|' e3`f!"s`d!a*'k!"iu1r9"f*`e*"2j*1ey1bz1 i:1kt'k{"}`|1i:"k+"ix"j*1f>'k*`d>"iu1r9" f*`e*"- f>'d!al(`f(1b}1o<"c*"i:`l!`a$' e/"d%"e*'~1*'i:"k*"a:":"i:"k*"- o0`('iu1 r9"a&'y'e61d!ar("*"2k*1i:"k?'e:'lv'd*" n>"$1)"ov"d%`k*1d!1*"a:"d&'o0`d*'d*"d!a g:":`mv"m?1h/1- e*'~1/`i:"k*"h3`s"2g:":` mv"gu1d>"a:"qu'o/"hw"cw1?'r!1,d3'n%`r!1 d*"dw"2|`c31m>`d*"k31e.'c?1- a/'iu1r_1 r='a:`d!ai:"o0`('iu1r9"|"t1a&'d!a*'ct1 b}"k|"d>"k+1nv"2o%'k9'h%"bz1e|`d3'a&"{" d!aiu1j*1e:`_1d!ad>"av"rv"/1i/"d!ah:"gv1 r%"k+12e$1r("az`k!"i:"k+"iu"a:"+`bu1g/" rw`d*`- gv1:12h$"a&'i:"k+"q/"e/'c!a2e?' i:"k+"+`b&1e?'o0"kt"c*"- a!"i:"o0`('iu1 r9"k*1a&"{"d!a*'o/"qu"2+`i:"e|`d3'e81i/" t1f%`|`c*`c="d!aa/`f*1- *`e)"c+"k|`hw" a/'iu1r_1r='a&'b/'et"d!aa/`{"k{`e!"33 %"dy'33>'e>"iu1h/1 7,Aesir7 d!aa/`iu12 hw"o0`('iu1r9"a&'o0"|"$1;-av"iu1-2,;-av" az'a:'iu1-2,;-iz"c*"a:'iu1-2 k*1;-k4'd$" a:`r$'a!`-22?'j:`av"az'+`o0"bz'h3";-%" dy'd!aqu"n/"-2 r3";-o%"qz'|`-2- s1m*1:`33i_'k|"gu12i:"e3`s`k|"gu1d!a h/`et'- hw"a/'iu1i>'e:`c!as1m*1:`r("2f>' mu1n>1s1m*1:`d!aiu'f*`cw1o/"a:"d>"d*"rv" ft'l&'- o>'d!1:`33b='ft'|`e*`8"a:'iu12i:"%"dy' |`iu1r("q/1c*"k)'d!a:1h:a- o>'d!1:`+`e." az'fw".12?'j:`o>'d!1:`a:'e:`v"i:"a!ar0' +"cw1c?1- c3"k*'33f%1j*"rv"!"h3"k|"a:'iu12i/`k|" gu1h/12i:"%"dy'd!ak+1ow"e6'd*"- c3"k*' i>'rw"o>'d!1:`d!ak/"i:"i:"o0`('iu1r9"a&' h$"a&"{"d!a*'k!"o/"qu"2+`i:"?`j*`a/'iu1 r_1r='d!alw'd}'- qu'c*`:`33o0`('iu1r9"a&'l&`o/"d!ak|" cx12$1c3"k*'d!aax`h:`- f>'nz1ax'l(`f=' i:"ft'd*"2hw"|`%"dy'd!ak81av"a&'av"iz" oy"f='i:"f>'2dv"e$1r("o0"$1d>1e3`i>'- rw`m/`d>1:`33k_'a:'iu1,p<"e{`a:'iu12 i:"a&"iu1a/"e3`>'e:'k)'f!"d!ai(`r/"a!`- $"c!akt'q/"a!"."d!agu"/"2a/'iu1gx"f>'6` s`h$"m?`g$"d!at`ky'k*1q0'bx1cy1m?`d!a:` d3`- b}1i3'a&'2gu1c0"d!aev'k!"k+'k*1{n/1 c*",h:"s1m?1,k$"h/1o i:"rw`m/`d>1:`b_" b/'cw1d!a- e3`:`33%"dy'd!a:1h:a2i:"o0`('iu1r9"a&' q/"h!1ax`k}`av"az'|`n&1+"d!aiu1- o0`(' gu1e.'b}1m0`dx'c01|`k{'k)'i:1ks"i:"e3`:` bz1h3"m>`b!'b/'cw1e41i:"d!ai:1r("2?'j:` bz'r/'e3`:`$1;-c01iu1-2- $1d>133eu'c?1a:'iu12$1%"dy'rv"n|`k|" gu1k!1c*"d!1e3`iz'd!arw1h:a- gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg #a/#ba pt'ax'k+1k(" ,The ,Most ,Productive ,Day iz'bv`c*"d>"k+`m*"l gx"n*`+`nz1jy' e&'s`e{"c|" by ,Daniel ,Howard ,Science has good news for people trying to make the most out of their work week4 ,A number of recent studies have finally targeted our most productive time4 7#a---7 ,But why8 ,Productivity experts are still figuring out exactly why this is our peak time1 but they have some theories4 7#b---7 ,This is also the best time of day to schedule meetings because people will be the most alert4 ,Meanwhile1 ,Mondays are most people's least favorite day of the week1 but they are also the days we get the most done4 7#c---7 ,Finally1 ,October is a little more complex4 ,Autumn is definitely the most productive time of year with #bg.c`0 of annual tasks getting done in this season4 7#d---7 ,Also1 experts say that people are struggling to get everything done and meet goals set earlier in the year before the holidays in ,November and ,December4 ,If we know the best time to get things done1 do we also know the laziest hours8 7#e---7 ,Productivity also steadily drops through the week1 and the worst season for getting things done is winter1 when only #bb.h`0 of annual tasks get done4 ,With this information in hand1 you can make the most of your time6 7,A7 ,Mid-morning is when we are finally fully awake but still rested enough from last night's sleep to focus effectively4 7,B7 ,While there is another increase in worker effectiveness just after lunch1 don't expect much after #d p4 m4 7,C7 ,On the contrary1 time management plays an essential role in boosting our productivity4 7,D7 ,According to data from ,Redbooth that was analyzed by ,Priceonomics1 the highest number of tasks is completed between #i a4 m4 and #aa a4 m4 on ,Mondays in ,October4 7,E7 ,Just as in the morning1 ,Mondays are the days workers are the best rested after the weekend1 both physically and mentally4 7,F7 ,People are likely to be more productive in early autumn after returning from summer vacations refreshed and ready to work4 33333333333333333333 d$"|1n>"e+'e.`{"b&'qu"c*"6"f>'mu1*'ey' j*1k&'h3"i:1kt'd!agu1cw1i3'2l!'e81dw"cw1 c!ar%`e{'e*1- k?"j*1s`r%`k*`e."t1ks"a&' |1e3`dy"3`mu1h$"k|"iz'bv`c*"d!ai:1kt'- ku'k|"s1 ,Redbooth py1fw1e('k*1,oy"s1 ,Priceonomics _`av"qu'e*'d!ai/"k|"2i:18" m0`a('*'h%`ix"ks`dt`d%"i:1*'dt`i:"k&'h3" }1bz1c."h$"d3'd!ai:1d}"- dv"~1?'$1r!1o iz'bv`c*"t1ks"a}'k)'gz1hw"i:"f/1c{`k+` a!"d}"i:1kt'$"r!1i:"3`mu1o{`et"dt'qz'd*1 j8"j+"~1?'2o/"k3"f>'mu1*`ky's`c!a*'e+' c*`c="- ix"/`i:1dt`h3`s"i:"3`mu1a&'|1}1 j~1jy'ey`d!ai:1l!"2j+`jt1*'}`d!ai$"mt1*' ks"gx"3`mu1s`h/1k("ky'iu1s`e{"d*"o%`b:1 a}'a/"- a!"+`i:"*'ft'dx'a&'v'pw1r$"*"d!a h$"k)'i:1l!"2?'$"gu1mu1j:`i:1h$"i:"k*' m?`- f&1i:12a('*'i:"*'ey'j*1dx'a&'d>"d3' i/"gu1h$"o/"e*`w"d!a*'ft'2j8"+`i:"3`mu1 }1bz1h$"d3'i:"/"d!ag:"h:a- ks"g/1f&1h%` bu1*'ov'2a('*'i:"c%1k&'hw"a('m<"k3"r(", o/"c="iu'e?'d('d!1d%"h$"b&'qu"es'e*1d!a *'ft'- h$"r("2i:18"d!ac*`s1ks"s`dt`q/"h>1c!a- js'ft'k81d$"i:"*'nt1dx'a&'iz'bv`c*"h$" k)'d!ai:1j*12m0`nt1s` #bg.c`0 d!ai:"/" d('hw"a!"k!"k*"k+1}1bz1- gu1mu1h:"i/`k)" k$'cw1r("2b&1e?'f*1j*`ky'iu1a=`o0"r%`f(1 g/"k&'h3"2?'j:`b/'js'i:1s`l!`nz1kz"s`iz' bv`c*"- j:`7"2a}'k)'o{`i:"gu1mu1r$"hw" i:1*'8"k*1i:1:"8"d!ak)"j*1lw'i:`jt1n/` c*"h3"}1e3`s`i:"oy"d>1bz1nt1b/'i!"e)"d!a m/"o{'- g/1k3`3`mu1a:'d%"}1bz1k&'h3"d!ah$"k)' i:1kt'23`mu1i:"q(`+`nz1a:'d%"*'k!"gu1h$" cv`d3"d!ai:1d}"o e$'gv1k?`k+'a!a/`jv'r(" r$"s`cy"*'d}"c%1k&'e{"c|"d!abz1ax`j*12 o/"k3"l!`o+1d$"e)"/`e:"dt`r("o%"fw"d3' j*1dw"- iz'bv`c*"+`r$"e$1a!a*'a('g:"h:a ky'k3":1=`dy"e)"k."2a:"|1hw"}1bz1k&'h3" qx'mt"h$"h%'k%'d!ak*"k+1ks"i:"d&'ft'2m0` nt1a:`s` #bb.h`0 d!ai:"/"hw"j:`i:1}1bz1- s`c!aa!"e+'h:'e4"d!aox'a/"2n*`ks"nz1b&' qu"c*"6"n*`d!ai:1kt'l d>1v"33 #a4 ,D #b4 ,A #c4 ,E #d4 ,F #e4 ,B 33333333333333333333 &~1cw1g/1j:`y #a4 d*"*'f*1l&"k!1y'e~` 7,D7 c*`s1 a4 ou`l&"k!1hw"j!"i:"d$"d}"c3"|`*"ct1 k}"ey"d!aax`3"- l&"k!1jt1*'k|"a:`b/'h$" k?"g3"kv't1ks"a&'|1e3`dy" 3`mu1h$"k|"iz'bv`c*"d!ai:1kt' 7our most productive time74 b4 e~`e." 7,D7 d!ak|"h:amy1j8"a:`b/' i:18"m0`a('*'h%`ix"ks`dt`a:"i:1*'dt`i:" k&'h3"}1bz1c."h$"d3'd!ai:1d}" 7''' the highest number of tasks is completed between #i a4 m4 and #aa a4 m4 on ,Mondays in ,October71 k*1a:`h$"k|"iz' bv`c*"d!ai:1kt'2k/"c.`k|"bv`iz'k}'ct12 l!`a:'d>1v"y'e~` 7,D74 h:"j:1o/`b&' a4 according to''' ku'k|"""" ,According to our supervisor1 we will have five extra days off in ,September4 ku'k|"3`mu1d!aa/`k}`e3`i/"23`mu1ks`8" k.'s`/`ft'd!a!17"k)"j*1- b4 analyze vt4 qu'e*'2k+`e*' ,Evan analyzed the data before writing his report4 w"=1et'qu'e*'k3"i/"k|"r("jw1lw'i:`e+` o%"k%"- #b4 d*":"f*1l&"k!1y'e~` 7,A7 c*`s1 a4 ou`l&"k!1hw"j!"i:"d$"d}"c3"|`*"q>' av`d!aax`3"- l&"k!1jt1d!ak|"h:af*1d%"2 iz'bv`c*"t1ks"a}'k)'s`c!a*'e+'a!"d}"i:1 kt'$"r!1i:"3`mu1o{`et"dt'qz'd!ac*`c="2:1 l&"k!1r("f*1d%"2a!"+`i:"*'ft'dx'a&'v'pw1 r$"*"d!ah$"k)'i:1l!"2l!`f$'j!"l&"k!1y' f*1k*1*'k!"f!"dy"d!ai:1kt'oy"k+`i:"a}' k)'d!ac*`c="- b4 e~`e." 7,A7 o{`i:"2ix"/`i:1dt`h3`s" i:"3`mu1a&'|1}1j~1jy'ey`d!ai:1l!"2j+`jt1 *'}`d!ai$"mt1*'ks"gx"3`mu1s`h/1k("ky'iu1 s`e{"d*"o%`b:1a}'a/"2q/1r!1f$'j!"2hw" a!`2e~`e."a&'d!a ,Mid-morning *"|`r("k|" a&'d!a the best time of day r/"e.'r/'y"2 l!`a:'d>1v"y'e~` 7,A74 h:"j:1o/`b&' a4 awake a4 ey`a!ad!a{o/"6"|1my1j:1 jt1o ,Dan's back pain kept him awake all night long4 >'dv'd!ao0"f&"gx"f>'*'az`+"d('i$"o/" a%1k81- b4 rested a4 {ky'k3"b&'qu"es'e*1:1o ky'iu1*"*"d!a ,After the vacation1 we all felt rested and relaxed4 d/"k)"r("23`mu1d('k81d!aky'iu1*"*"j+` jy'e&'h:"hw"- c4 effectively adv4 s`e{"d*" ,If discovered early1 cancer can be treated effectively4 g/1k3`h%`j*1q>'et"2w1az"l!`*`s`e{"a:" c{1- #c4 d*"ev'f*1l&"k!1y'e~` 7,E7 c*`s1 a4 ou`l&"k!1hw"j!"i:"d$"d}"c3"|`*"ct1 k}"ey"d!aax`3"2d>1f*1et"e3`$1l&"k!1jt1*' k|"a&'d!a ,Mondays4 b4 l&"k!1jt1d!ak|"h:af*1d%"2a('*'i:"*' ey'j*1dx'a&'d>"d3'i/"gu1h$"o/"e*`w"d!a*' ft'2j8"+`i:"3`mu1}1bz1h$"d3'i:"/"d!ag:" h:a2:1e~`e." 7,E7 o{`i:"2a('*'i:"c%1k&' hw"a('m<"k3"r(",o/"c="iu'e?'d('d!1d%"h$" b&'qu"es'e*1d!a*'ft'2|`*"ct1k}"2j+`jt1 r("k+'f*1k*1 ,Mondays1 l!`a:'d>1v"y'e~` 7,E74 h:"j:1o/`b&' a4 physically adv4 iu'f*`ix" ,A lot of people in the neighborhood took action to help the little child who was being physically abused4 a!"k!"i!"j|'s`ru`d3'gu1d('jw`j|`ey1d&" ox'a/"n>"my1iu'f*`i("n8"d!a:1f&1- b4 mentally adv4 e?'c*`ix"2ky'iu1ix" ,When taking care of mentally challenged children1 you must be patient with them4 hw"a%"k/"e?'a:"ax"w":1f&1i:12n*`o*"e|' d$"f>'mu1s`nw"e?'- #d4 d*"e:"f*1l&"k!1y'e~` 7,F7 c*`s1 a4 ou`l&"k!1hw"j!"i:"d$"d}"c3"|`*"q>' av`d!aax`3"- l&"k!1jt1d!ak|"h:af*1d%"2 js'ft'i:"*'nt1dx'a&'iz'bv`c*"h$"k)'d!a i:1j*12m0`nt1s` #bg.c`0 d!ai:"/"hw"a!" k!"k*"k+1}1bz12:1l&"k!1r("f*1d%"2j:`7"2 a}'k)'o{`i:"gu1mu1r$"hw"i:1*'8"k*1i:1:" 8"d!ak)"j*1lw'i:`jt1n/`c*"h3"}1e3`s`i:" oy"d>1bz1nt1b/'i!"e)"d!am/"o{'2s1j:`f$' j!"2l&"k!1y'i:"k+`i:"js'ft'$"r!1i:"*'nt1 dx'a&'iz'bv`c*"h$"k)'k*"k+1d!ad*"*'e."~1 ?'- b4 e~`e." 7,F7 o{`i:"2gu1mu1h:"i/`k)" k$'cw1r("2b&1e?'f*1j*`ky'iu1a=`o0"r%`f(1 g/"k&'h3"2?'j:`b/'js'i:1l!`nz1kz"s`iz' bv`c*"2q/1r!1f$'j!"j+`|`*"ct1k}"2l!`a:' d>1v"y'e~` 7,F74 h:"j:1o/`b&' a4 be likely to ,V s`l!`nz1h3"""" be unlikely to ,V o/"l!`nz1h3"""" ,The mayor is likely to attend the meeting4 i:"ax`l!`nz1r$"b/'e*1kw'r$"*"- ,Companies that don't continually evolve are unlikely to succeed4 o/"b:1e|"q>'av`d!ak&'e:'o/"fw"l!`nz1 r$"bz1k&'- b4 refreshed a4 r$'q/"ky'iu1d!a;iu1jy' j*"i_`d!a ,Dana felt refreshed after taking a cool shower4 dw"n>"hw"b&'c!acz`i$`h%`a:'r("k81d!a iu1jy'j*"i_`- #e4 d*"/`f*1l&"k!1y'e~` 7,B7 c*`s1 a4 ou`l&"k!1hw"j!"i:"d$"d}"c3"|`*"q>' av`d!aax`3"- l&"k!1jt1d!ak|"h:af*1d%"2 g/1k3`3`mu1a:'d%"}1bz1k&'h3"d!ah$"k)'i:1 kt'23`mu1i:"q(`+`nz1a:'d%"*'k!"gu1h$"cv` d3"d!ai:1d}"2:1l&"k!1r("f*1d%"2iz'bv`c*" +`r$"e$1a!a*'a('g:"h:aky'k3":1=`dy"e)" k."2a:"|1hw"}1bz1k&'h3"qx'mt"h$"h%'k%' d!ak*"k+1ks"i:"d&'ft'2f$'j!"l&"k!1y'f*1 k*1gu1mu1cv`d3"j+`iz'bv`c*"b>'d!ai:1d}"- b4 e~`e." 7,B7 o{`i:"2e$'gv1k?`k+'a!a /`jv'r("r$"s`cy"*'d}"c%1k&'e{"c|"d!abz1 ax`j*12o/"k3"l!`o+1d$"e)"/`e:"dt`r("o%" fw"d3'j*1dw"2q/1r!1f$'j!"j+`|`*"ct1k}"2 l!`a:'d>1v"y'e~` 7,B74 h:"j:1o/`b&' a4 increase n4 hz'k)'{j*1r("bx1|`k+" j:1 in oy"6"o ,With an increase in the elderly population1 the structure of society has changed4 e$1a!ac%`nt1gu1l(`d!ahz'k)'2i!"r$"d!a k+1k("*`ky'kw`ot"- b4 effectiveness n4 e{"c|";bz1e{" 33333333333333333333 8,Words for ,Reference0 ? peak a4 dt'qz'd!a2k%'qz'd!a ? complex a4 q/"h>1d!a .k complicated a4 33333333333333333333 8,Practical ,Phrases0 #a4 make the most 7out7 of''' b&'qu" c*"6"""" ,Make the most of your time in ,Brazil and learn ,Brazilian ,Portuguese4 b&'qu"c*"6"n*`hw"o>'e*'d!ai:1kt'e81e*1 o>'e*'p/1f%1)1|`- #b4 a number of+ q/"i/"my1j:1 *'e+'/ g3"kv'""" an amount of+ o/"l!`i/`my1j:1 *'e+'/ g3"kv'""" ,A number of celebrities have donated money to this famous charity4 *'e+'my1gu1d('jz1k~'jt1k0`a!"k!"a/"my1 d!aj:1iv"k*'k("- ,Only a small amount of this drug is needed for the treatment of the disease4 {"a:"|"kw'k*1oy"a:`e|'{"i%`c."d!aa!" a&`{"/"- #c4 figure out'''/ figure''' out c*1jy'/ n&"my1ow1""" ,Billy couldn't figure out why his parents got a divorce4 o*`c*"k%`o/"d&`$"iu1m!af>'o>"m>'{"c*1 r='- #d4 struggle to ,V n/`c*"/ az'a>1 {h3"o""" ,Jim struggled to carry the big box of books up the stairs4 k*1m/`n/`c*"ov'a!an>"*'d>"e.'i/'ix" c(1- 33333333333333333333 8,Words in ,Use0 #a4 productive a4 s`iz'bv`c*"d!a2d3' bv`d!a productivity n4 iz'bv`c*" ,Ken runs a highly productive factory in ,China4 >'lu`hw"a&'k31ky'y1*'kt'k%'bv`nz1d!a k&'bx`- ,We built another factory in an effort to increase our productivity4 3`mu1ey'kt"cy"*'h3"bx`qx1*`f*1iz'3`mu1 d!aiz'bv`c*"- 99 in an effort to ,V $"c!a{"/ n/`c*" {"""" #b4 target vt4 e3`dy"2*`"""$1d$"e."/ m/"o{' ,These toys were designed to target children under the age of three4 a!"e+'}1k|"i:"$"ev'e$"*`e)"rw1f&1e3` i!"k*"d!a- #c4 theory n4 c*`c=" in theory c*`c="ix" ,Students will learn how to apply these theories to real-life situations in this class4 hw"a!"mu1l!"a&'2e81iz'k.'e81e*1g/1r!1 o>`a!"e+'c*`c="y"6"|1i:1k*"iz'r31d!ajy1 ky"a&'- ,Kelly's idea sounds good in theory1 but ,I doubt if it can work in reality4 lw`c*"d!adt`h:ac*`c="ix"fy'j*`cw1ru` o/"j3"2dv"3`r71*1i:1k*"ix"i:"q(`l!`ey1- #d4 alert a4 m?`g$"d!a;ky`k81d!a ,Be alert to strangers offering you anything for free4 d$"mt`q0"e&"n*`d&'e*ad!am<"iz'gu1{"o%` b:1ky`k81- #e4 meanwhile adv4 hw"j:`f&1i:1 .k in the meantime ,Ben got dressed for work4 ,Meanwhile1 his wife got their daughter ready for school4 >'ov'b}'r%`*'q/1{"ix"ov'- f&1i:12f>' fw"fw"o>`n|`:1d>`dt`r%`j|"ix"e81- #f4 definitely adv4 k81d$"d*"2lu`dy" d*" ,After working non-stop for six hours1 we definitely needed a break4 hw"m>`o/"fy1f*1d*"k&'h3"c!acs"e{`i:1 r("23`mu1lu`dy"e|'{"es'e*1*'e)"- #g4 annual a4 m0`nt1d!a;*'nt1*'j:"d!a ,Based on the agenda1 the next topic for discussion is the annual company trip4 ku'k|"*"bz12e)"*'k!"f%`c="a/`f*1i:"k&' e:'d!ant1d/"c|`s1- #h4 steadily adv4 =`dy"d*" ,Our stocks have steadily gained in value over the last #aj months4 k3"j|"i:1k!"8"*`cw123`mu1d!ak/`p{"=` dy"ix"ax`- 33333333333333333333 8,Grammar ,Tips0 schedule vt4 v'pw12|"dy" & n4 ey1bz1 o{`;i:1kt'o{` ,Jenny needs to schedule a dental appointment4 au'n*1e|'{"v'pw1*'j:")1*'mu1au`- ---------------------------------------- *`e)"i:" schedule h3"d&"j:1rv"my1j:1 d!abx1kt"6"q>`33 a4 be scheduled to ,V |"dy"h3"""" ,The mayor is scheduled to make a speech on ,,TV tomorrow4 i:"ax`|"dy"my1ft'r$"hw"dt"i:"ix"q>'o{` t`i3'- b4 be scheduled for+ i:1kt' |"k*"|1/ v'pw1hw"m(`i:1kt'{k?"ey1o ,The annual meeting is scheduled for tomorrow morning4 nt1d/"r$"*"|"dy"|1my1ft'ix"/`k?"ey1- c4 a busy/ tight schedule mx1c/"/ k?` j("d!aey1bz1 ,Paul hardly has time to exercise because of his busy schedule4 s1|1mx1c/"d!aey1bz12o%`c31k*'r/'m01s` i:1kt'4"d&"- d4 ahead of schedule o*`|"dy"i:1kt'f*1 jt1 ,Jack finished the project two weeks ahead of schedule4 k+1l!"f*1jt1c.`ey'j*1}1bz1kw'a}'v"- e4 on schedule v"|"dy"i:1kt' ,The plane took off on schedule and landed on time4 kw'ov'k*'v"|"dy"i:1kt'j*`q0'j+`a=`i:1 k."c3"- f4 behind schedule o*`|"dy"i:1kt'c3" r(" ,The construction of the new office building is way behind schedule4 e?'ov"k&'d>"c(1d!ak&'bz1k?"d/"o*`|"dy" i:1kt'c3"r("ru`d3'- 99 way adv4 d>"d>"d*"{e.'dx'|1 much r3" far1 a}'6"cw1es'i:"m(`e+'q/"j:1,k+" j:1pt"|`r3"o*`k{"k*12*`j.1d{"|`j*"o gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg #a/#bb k31k)'d*"c*` ,Trials of the ,Wild3 ,Night of the ,Christmas ,Crab iz'j=1d>"l%`t"33iz"dv"d%`r&1e+" by ,Marcus ,Maurice ,On an island in the middle of the ,Indian ,Ocean1 an annual occurrence has been called one of the #aj greatest natural wonders on ,Earth4 ,Visitors from all over the world come to see the red crab migration on ,Christmas ,Island1 which is just south of ,Indonesia4 ,This is when tens of millions of red crabs leave their natural habitat in the rainforests and head to the ocean4 ,Slowly but surely1 the crabs cross the overpasses and underpasses that have been made for them as they make their way to the beach4 ,Finally1 when the red army of crabs arrive at the shore1 the males and females mate4 ,Soon after1 the females dump hundreds of thousands of eggs into the water by shimmying back and forth in a comical way4 ,The female crabs have to hold on to the rocks or the beach so they don't get sucked out into the water as they release their eggs4 ,After the red crabs finish at the beach1 they return to the rainforest and don't go back for another year4 ,In ,Trials of the ,Wild3 ,Night of the ,Christmas ,Crab1 ,National ,Geographic visits ,Christmas ,Island during these crazy few days so viewers can see what happens from the very comfort of their own homes4 ,The show goes into detail about the crab migration as well as explaining that these animals are one of the few to have both lungs and gills4 ,This allows the red crabs to breathe in the water and on the land4 ,If you'd like to learn more1 tune in to ,Trials of the ,Wild3 ,Night of the ,Christmas ,Crab4 33333333333333333333 hw"?"d/".1a&'o/"d!a*'k!"d%`ix"2s`k!" nt1d/"iz"i:"*'a:1*`cw1o0"bz'$1d*"js1ix" i:1d>"h:"gv1j*1k}'a:'*'- cw1h:"i:"k+"k!" d*"d!as1l!"jt1cw1k}'lv"iz"dv"d%`ix"d!a r&1e+"jt'e*`2kw'd%`ks"hw"?"n*1nv1qx'- a!"i:"i/"jt'}"a:'r&1e+"c*1lw'f>'mu1hw" g!"dw"|`c?1d!ah:"gv1j*'e*1d*"oy"jt1_`rw` .1d!ai:1r("- r&1e+"r}`r}`dv"kt'dy"d*"8" k3"$"f>'mu1jt1_`rw`ot'i:1e3`kt"d!aft'j{1 rv"d*"e)"d%"- h$"r("2dx'r&1e+"d>"k4'd*` d>1rw`v"i:12e61e+"rv"j:1e+"ks"r$"k{'p0"- o/"ks`r("2j:1e+"*`k/`k*'d!aqx'i:"cw1 cw1r$1r$1d*"ix"e)"ow`d&"2k.'bz1jt'ix"}" l!'c}`bv`g/"i$`a&'- j:1e+"o*"e|'a9'k?`t1 i:1r3"rw`fv'2a!"."f>'mu1bv`c}`i:1jw1o/" r$"o0"e*'g/"rw`c*`- r&1e+"hw"rw`ot'}1bz1 bv`c}`a:'r("2f>'mu1r$"qv`r$1g!"dw"|`c?12 *'nt1r("jw1r$"hw"r$1rw`ot'- hw"{iz'j=1d>"l%`t"33iz"dv"d%`r&1e+"o a&'2k31k)'d*"c*`hw"a!"qz'l_1d!ak*`ft'h%" qx`iz"dv"d%`2gx"k}'a&"hw"h:"k*`i/'i:"d!a k)'a&'ks"l!`*`lv"d%"e3`q>'iz'd!aiz"i:"- kw'k+1m/"e.1e*"k+"i%"c!ar&1e+"d!ajt'e*` jy1l_"2oy"k+`i:"f>'mu1i:"i%`i/"f&1i:16` s`q0"rv"ew'd!ad&"/"a:'*'- a!"gx"r&1e+" nz1hw"i$`a&'k*1c/"d*"ix"r/'e*'- g/1k3` n*`e.`c{`k+`kz"d3'2jy`i('lv"{iz'j=1d>" l%`t"33iz"dv"d%`r&1e+"o- 33333333333333333333 8,Words in ,Use0 #a4 annual a4 m0`nt1d!a2*'nt1*'d/"d!a ,We usually go on our annual family trip in ,July4 3`mu1k)'f&'bx1m0`nt1j*'8"r$"j|"k)'h/1 c|`s1- #b4 occurrence n4 q>'iz'd!ai:"kt"{l!` i/`o;q>'iz'{o/"l!`i/`o a normal/ frequent/ common/ rare occurrence az"bx1/ ky'bx1/ p/`f&'/ rv` kt"d!ai:"jy1 ,The occurrence of ulcers is often linked with stress4 l$".1d!aq>'iz'i:1bx1|`)'c*"s`k}'- 99 ulcer n4 l$".1 ,Flooding is a common occurrence in this area4 i$`r}"hw"a!"k!"d*"j|'i:"bx1s`d!ai:"- #c4 migration n4 jt'e*`2jt'*1 ,Scientists attached a tracking device to the bird to track its seasonal migration route4 l!'e81k)'hw"a!"a:'n{`iu'ix"v'a_'a$'h&' j*"*`a$'h&'f>'d!ak*"k+1ey"jt'*1c/"et"- #d4 habitat n4 j*'e*1d*" ,The natural habitats of wildlife in ,Taiwan have been reduced due to urban sprawl4 s1|1d/'i:"l3"ax'2fw1}'+`iz'd&"/"d!ah:" gv1j*'e*1d*"*'a:1hw"kt`i%`- 99 sprawl n4 {kt"a/1/"o l3"ax' #e4 dump vt4 jy'd%`2ds'j*";p%'j*"{m(` gu1o ,Somebody dumped their garbage into this alley4 ,No wonder it smells so bad here4 s`gu1o>`c!"e!"d%"hw"a!"k!"e{`e."c*`- nv1k7"a!"c*`a!"m!ab("- ,Tina can't help crying because her boyfriend just dumped her4 d*"n>"gu`o/"a/"*'a:1l/'2?'$"f>'kx'o0" nv1s`i7`c!a- #f4 comical a4 k/`k*'d!a2r%`e{"d!a ,The clown at the party looked really comical4 pw"d$"ix"d!an>"k!"e{`b(`lv"j*`cw1au' i:"k/`k*'- #g4 suck vt4 e*' & vi4 e*';ru`cv"2h%' k%' ,The little boy sat on the ground in silence and sucked his thumb4 n>"k!"e{`nv1rw1v'ky"d*"h3"hw"d*"ix"e*' d>"m/`a:`- ,The concert ,I went to last night really sucked4 3`h31ft'}`ix"j|"d!an>"bx`t`bx"r$"cv" f("c!a- #h4 release vt4 i:"qx";q>'ey12q>'o{` ,That factory was charged with releasing harmful chemicals into the environment4 n>"k)'k&'bx`o0"l&"e/"k.'s`rw"d!ar9"e81 /"a:1i:"qx"d%"r}1ky"a&'- ,The director released a ,,DVD with a collection of short movies that influenced him4 kw'd%`t`q>'ey1c!a*'ax' ,,DVD1 c*`mt" i('c/"c!ad$"f>'s`y`e.`d!adt"y`d}`pt"- #i4 breathe vi4 r/'e*' breath n4 r/'e*' take a deep breath iu'r/'e*' take one's breath away cy"m(`gu1fv"$1k}'a:`/ d>"b:'*'ky' ,Loosen your tie so you can breathe a little easier4 e&'lw'n*`d!acy`dw"2a!"."n*`l!`*`r/'e*' i="bx"*'dt`- ,Kent took a deep breath before he jumped into the pool4 lu`f!"f{"k?"s16`b:1jt1et'iu'iu'd*"e*' c!al(`j*"- ,The view from the top of the hill can take your breath away4 j&1iv'js'ix"mt"_`e)"_"d!aky`e!"r$"gx" n*`fv"$1k}'a:`- 33333333333333333333 8,Grammar ,Tips0 army n4 {s`k%'d/"h/`a:'d!ao j41f*`;k4' d$"{s1a:`c/"k4'o an army of''' *'d>"j41""" ,Betty screamed when she saw an army of ants crawling on her cake4 o0"d*"lv"d%"*'d>"j41m>`*`p>1hw"f>'d!a dv"k%'ix"i:1ot"d>"iz'kt'k{"- ---------------------------------------- 8*'j41"""0 hu`m!ai3'o b/1c!aou`=1d!a army a:'7"2cy"s`e)"c+" o/"f&1c."j:1o{`o/"f&1a&`c0"d!ad&"/"j41 f*`33 a4 colony n4 {m>`*`,m*"qz'dz`s`h/`a:' d!ao j41f*` a colony of bees/ ants *'j41m*"qz'/ m>`*` ,I found a large colony of bees in the hole4 3`q>'et"d&"n0"s`*'d>"j41m*"qz'- b4 flock n4 *'j41{gu1,n{`r3".1o a flock of birds/ sheep *'j41n{`/ mt1 .1 7sheep dv'q/"i/"f&1ey12j:`b/"$1q/"i/"7 ,That young shepherd led a flock of sheep up the hill4 n>"k!"nt1jy'd!am/".1gu1o>`*'j41.1dw" d%"iv'p<'ix"- c4 pride n4 {i:'o j41 a pride of lions *'j41i:'h:a ,There is a pride of lions sitting and waiting at the riverbank of the ,Mara river for prey to come passing through4 s`*'j41i:'h:ah3"hw"m>`c>'r!1pv"dz`dw" c+"/"ky'k3"- d4 pack n4 {+`i("r3"c+"j~`dz`d!ao *' j41 a pack of dogs/ wolves *'j41k(`/ cx1 ,That little boy was frightened by a pack of wild dogs4 n>"k!"e{`nv1rw1o0"*'j41+`k(`e)"r7"c!a- e4 school n4 |1j41 a school of fish/ dolphins *'j41|1/ rw`f=1 7fish dv'q/"i/"f&1ey12j:`b/"$1q/" i/"7 ,A school of fish swam next to me as ,I was scuba diving4 3`jt1i$`i:1s`*'j41|1:1hw"3`iu'ot's's1- 33333333333333333333 8,Words for ,Reference0 ? overpass n4 ft'j{1 ? underpass n4 d*"e)"d%" ? shimmy vi4 {f{"/`r3"h(`c/"i:1o h3` s"d(`kt'ow`f=1 & n4 e*'m*1/`{i:"m0`k31 r0'gu1d!acs1ey1/`2f!"o+1cs1ey1|1 #aiaj a:" #aibj nt1kt'- f>'d!a?'8"k+1h("ru` l7"2d&"h3"+`ku'e$1?'8"d!ae/"d/"j+`k|"s` f{`d("ey"2g/1ow`f=1,au"e6'dz`- a!"e+'d&" h3"r("cw1y`e.`d%"r0'f=1/`,{1k=`/`*`k*1 k81i:"/`o ? gill n4 ew' 33333333333333333333 8,Practical ,Phrases0 #a4 head to+ d*"qx' jt1_`m(`d*" .k head/ set out/ set off for+ d*"qx' head vi4 jt1_` ,Linda is heading to ,Tokyo this afternoon4 c?1d>1k?'ft'e)"/`{"jt1_`d&'ky'- #b4 make one's way to+ d*"qx' e."m(`d*"jt1k?";hw"m(`d*"cs1ey1 ,The tour guide made her way to the front of the group so she could give us further instructions4 d%`s1h(`d%"c|`ey1f}1d!ajt1mt"2*`ot"$" 3`mu1h3"k?"*'o/"d!ak+`i3'- ,Fashion trends generally make their way to ,Japan before they hit ,Taiwan4 i:1ix"b%1cs1e*1k~`fw1}'jt12*'ov'r$"et' hw"g:"ou`cs1ey1- #c4 back and forth cw1cw1r$1r$1 ,The palm trees are swaying back and forth in the wind4 h&'c|1i/"hw"qz'a&'cw1r$1{1ow`- #d4 hold on to''' a9'a/"/ 3"a/""""; kt'b:1""" ,Hold on to the hand grips while standing on the bus4 av"hw"k&'b!'ix"d!ai:1r("jy`a9'k?`c>' r}1- ,You should hold on to your principles4 n*`y'dx'kt'b:1n*`d!a~1h!1- #e4 from the comfort of one's own home i/'i/'q/1q/1d*"hw"m(`gu1d!ak)'a&' ,Thanks to the internet1 people can shop from the comfort of their own homes4 d3'l$'c!a_`c/"2gu1mu1jw1nz1i/'i/'q/1 q/1d*"hw"h:"k*`k)'a&'k("/"- #f4 go into detail about/ on''' e.1e*"d*"i3'my1""" ,Molly didn't want to go into detail about her troubles at the tax office4 m<"c*"o/"e.`e.1e*"e|"i/"f>'hw"i$"k~' k*'k}'|"d%"d!am>1qv1- #g4 tune in to''' i('lv"/ i('fy'""" ,My mother always tunes in to her favorite ,Korean drama at #i3jj p4 m4 3`m>'h&`i:"hw"}`ix"ks`dt`a=`i:1i('lv" f>'h$"e*`r}'d!arv1k|"- gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg #a/#bc 8"d/1j!"t" ,The ,Jolly ,Roger and ,Female ,Pirates of the ,Golden ,Age of ,Piracy iu1k$`;-j*1-2 rx133k?'k31e{'e61 ;-q0'et"dy"es'i:"|`et"dy"es'i:"-2 d!a 6"q>` by ,Ivy ,Liu #a/#bc ,With the ,Pirates of the ,Caribbean franchise having grossed over ,,US 4#d billion worldwide1 the timeless allure of pirates was cemented in international pop culture4 ,The films portray the modern stereotype of pirates having peg legs1 pet parrots1 and eye patches4 ,They have become so embedded in culture that ,International ,Talk ,Like a ,Pirate ,Day is celebrated annually1 and ,Google and ,Facebook offer 8,Pirate0 as a language option4 ,While piracy has existed since man first took to the waves1 what we think of pirates today1 which includes their adventures1 hidden treasures1 and fame on the high seas1 is from the ,Golden ,Age of ,Piracy in the #agth and #ahth centuries4 ,There are even accounts of real pirates of the ,Caribbean having the above features4 ,Some say pirates rose to popularity because they represented freedom from authority4 ,While art and films about these outlaws captured people's imagination1 the terror and violence they used to perpetrate their crimes are rarely part of the image4 ,Many pirates made their living preying on and plundering merchant ships4 ,Amongst their most useful tactics was to put the fear of ,God into their victims4 ,To do this1 they used the ,Jolly ,Roger1 the black flag with the famous skull and crossbones symbol4 ,They would lure their doomed victims in by flying a national flag and switch to the dreaded flag before their prey could escape4 ,While pirate flag designs would vary1 all would have skulls1 with some displaying crossed swords1 an hourglass1 and spears in hearts4 ,They all carried the same message of fear for their victims3 resist and be killed4 ,This type of branding served to convey the pirate ship's intent3 black flags meant they would consider sparing lives and red meant fight to the death4 ,While the ,Jolly ,Roger's variations have long shed their original violent meanings and taken on tamer ones of mischief1 pop culture has made sure its ties to pirates remain intact4 33333333333333333333 e$1a!a{iu1k$`j*1rx1o e*"c+"dt"y`hw"j~1 js1*`r3"d!1b%'k3"e:"i:1*"m0`~1d!ai('g/"2 rw`d%"hw"k31k*"cs1ey1=1r9"a&'d!a6`rz1m0" c*"d!1d%"c!ak&`k/"- a!"e+'dt"y`m{1r$"c!a et"dw"d$"rw`d%"d!al!"ov`?"e."2o%'k9'6`s` k)`f$`,b&`/"y'/`*`k*1t`a%"- f>'mu1*`iu' iu'g&1g/"=1r9"2?'j:`m0`nt1gu1mu1d('r$" jy"a/"k31k*"rw`d%"m<1qx`g:"2j+`k/`k!'k*1 ,Facebook +`f*1k&';-rw`d%"|`-2 h3"$1|`t1 e~`e."- e$'gv1rw`d%"r31d&"h:"j&1gu1c0" i(`j:"i!"h/1rw`.1i:1ks"j=1hw"2dv"3`mu1 k?'ft'd$"rw`d%"d!alv"q>`{o%'rv1f>'mu1d!a m%"et`,?`jx1d!ao%`hx"*`k*1hw"k&'rw`ix" d!amy1iz'o d('i:"~1h:"i:1j*',i:1o>'i:" k*"d!arw`d%"r_1k?'i:1dw"- iu"a:"s`e|"i/" gu"$1au'i:1d!ak)'c!"o*`rw`d%"k|"s`ix"i/" f!"az'- s`gu1i3'2rw`d%"r$"i("r}'y1i:"?' $"f>'mu1dw"o{`a!aj&1j~1$'a&'k+`qx"d!ah:" s1- e$'gv1k}'|1a!"e+'_1my"a:'f/1d!a*"i/" h3"p?`k*1dt"y`cy"gu1mu1i:1qu'a%1m*12dv" f>'mu16"cw1qv"e)"h$"ey1d!al&`o/"rv"o%" c*"ey1$1j8"ru`i%`bz1$1j*1ey1e."d!a*'o/" qu"- e|`d3'rw`d%"*`c8"d31k*1j.`k+1ix'b}1$1 iz'- f>'mu1h$"s`e{"d!aj!"c8"a:'*'ks"i:" k.'d$"ix"d*"d!aky"$"k)'a/'hw"j*1i("rw" a!`iu'ix"- $"c!ad>1d%"a!"k!"m/"d*"2f>' mu14"6"c!arw`d%"j*12k*1ix"f(1s`a/"my1d!a l/'c(1r9"{ot'v"33s1l/'c(1f(1rv"k{'b>'d!a d>"f$`k/`h/`bz12e."az'a!ae:`_1r3"$1et`-o q/1r%"d!ar0'e!"j*1a:"- f>'mu1k+"s1e~1k9" k31j*1cw1?`s"k+1i/"nv1f%1d!ai("rw"a!`2 oy"hw"a!"e+'c+"/"f%1f3'a:'jt1j+'r}"bz1 l!`p>"d!aj*1a:"- e$'gv1k!"a&`rw`d%"j*1 d!ai!"k*"s`e3`o/"f&12dv"e3`s`rw`d%"j*1 d('r$"s`l/'c(1f(12j*1a&'*'e+'r$"av`et" k{'b>'d!ad%'kt",*'k!"i>'c("*`k*1j:"b}' e?'hx"d!abx1m%1- f>'mu1d('$"i("rw"a!`dw" cw1c!ae.'f&1d!al&`k|"e?"e*133d*`lx"ks" r$"o0"i>'rw"- a!"a&`c0"ey1d!ao{'a:"6"|1 b}1d>1rw`d%"b}1d!a*"f/133r0'e!"j*1a:"*" $"a!af>'mu1r$"l%`c|"g%1my"2r&1e!"h!1*"$" k81*'e:`av"- k?`k}`rw`d%"j*1d!aot"r9"ey1 i:"h%`*`ow`f3'h$"b/'d!ao%"c*"rv1*"2j|`:1 dw"a:'bz1et"d!ai:"k{"='r!1d!a!"h3"k|"2 dv"cs1ey1=1r9"*`j8"o%`rw`d%"j*1|`rw`d%" d!ak}'e*"o%`b:1}1r%`g/1b/'- 33333333333333333333 8,Words in ,Use0 #a4 gross vt4 r3"d!1"""d!ah&`i('g/" ,This movie has grossed over ,,US 4#cjj million this year4 a!"o/"dt"y`k?'nt1h&`i('g/"b%'k3"c!aev' *"m0`~1- #b4 allure n4 m0"c*" lure vt4 ?`s" lure sb into ,V-ing ?`s"m(`gu1h3"""" ,A person's age doesn't determine their allure4 *'k!"gu1d!ant1cy1oy"o/"nz1k81dy"f>'mu1 d!am0"c*"- ,Stay away from ,Luke4 ,He may lure you into doing bad things4 ~`c*1c/"l!"- f>'l!`nz1r$"?`s"n*`h3"r7" i:"- #c4 cement vt4 k&`k/"2k)'j.1 ,This university's exchange program has cemented its links with many other academic institutions4 a!"e3`d>"e81d!ak{'r}"k*"r9"k)'j.1c!a f>'|`e|`d3'j*1f>'e81i/"k*'k("d!act1k+1- #d4 stereotype n4 l!"ov`?"e." ,Sam doesn't fit the ,Asian stereotype because he isn't good at math4 iv'm/`d!ai/"e81o/"r%`2a!"oy"o/"q/1r!1 d>"k)'d$")"a('gu1d!al!"ov`?"e."- #e4 annually adv4 m0`nt1d*" ,Most doctors recommend that people have a physical checkup annually4 d>"o/"qu"d!a*'i:'kt"*"d>"k)'m0`nt1h3" kt"lx'kt`b>1- #f4 popularity n4 gu1j*";cs1ey1 grow in popularity gu1j*"ix"iz'2kt"i(" r}'y1 ,Golf has grown in popularity among the upper classes since the #aihjs4 k%':`q/'js1h:" #aihj nt1dw"j*`ks"a/1 kt"i("d%"ix"cs1i!"r$"d!ar}'y1- #g4 doomed a4 a/"dy"m+"_1d!a2ft'i/"*` dy"d!a be doomed to ,N/ ,V a/"dy"/ *'dy" r$"""" ,This project is doomed to failure because of the lack of creativity4 a!"e."qx'v"j8'q>1b_"*"2?'j:`*'dy"r$" i:'ow"- #h4 vary vi4 ot"r9" variation n4 o/"f&1d!aot"r9"ey1i:";b>' o+1 ,My grandmother's roses vary in color and size4 3`nw`nw`a&"d!am01k$'t1e!"rv"d>"e{`k!" o/"e.'f&1- #i4 convey vt4 b}1d>1 ,I tried to convey my feelings to ,Anna1 but she took my words the wrong way4 3`i:"a!ak.'3`d!akv`i("b}1d>1k0`v'n>"2 dv"f>'j8"}1j~1/"k+`c!a- #aj4 spare vt4 g%1i/"2l}'i/" ,The gangsters took ,Nick's money but spared his life4 n>"j41dw`f/1n>1h(`n*1l!"d!ajt12dv"g%1 c!af>'*'my"- #aa4 shed vt4 ow`f3'2j|"b/1 ,Jack is trying to shed his bad reputation by volunteering at the hospital4 k+1l!"hw"*'~"dx'a:"k&'2i:"f/1ow`f3'f>' o/"r%`d!aiz'|"- #ab4 mischief n4 !"h3"k|" ,Tim was punished by his father for his mischief4 f*1m/`?'$"!"h3"k|":1o0"o>"o>"b/`q>1- #ac4 intact a4 }1r%`/1j8'd!a ,Several mummies were found intact after being buried for thousands of years4 i/"k|"m/"nw`*'o0"mw1c!ar%`k*`jt'nt12 o0"q>'et"i:1gz1}1r%`/1j8'- 33333333333333333333 8,Words for ,Reference0 ? a ,Jolly ,Roger rw`d%"j*1 ? pirate n4 rw`d%" piracy n4 rw`d%"ey1$1 ? franchise n4 e*"c+"h3"p?`;f!"e|`ky' y1j~1 ? a peg leg k)`f$`2*"a:' ? patch n4 t`a%";o/`dy' ? outlaw n4 f%1qv"2_1my"a:'f/12dw`f/1 ? perpetrate vt4 qv"{h$",j3"dz`o ? plunder vt4 c8"d31;j.`k+1 ? tactic n4 j!"c8";i(`q>` ? skull and crossbones l/'c(1r9" ? hourglass n4 i>'c(" ? spear n4 m%1 33333333333333333333 8,Practical ,Phrases0 #a4 become/ be embedded in''' jt'g/"hw""""a&' embed vt4 {i:`o jt'g/" ,Many experts claim that phones will be embedded in the human body in the near future4 e|`d3'a}'k)'iz'bz'hw"o/"ks`d!ak.'cw1 dt"r9"r$"jt'g/"gu1f*`n0"- #b4 make one's living 7by7 ,V-ing *`"""$1iz' ,The little girl makes her living selling fruit4 n>"k!"e{`n|`rw1*`mw"i$`k3`$1iz'- #c4 prey on''' o/`i:1""" ,Eagles prey on small animals such as fish1 birds1 snakes1 and rabbits4 c%`y'o/`i:1e."i:"|1,n{`,i!1rv"f/"h:a a:'c0"d!ae{`ey1d&"/"- #d4 switch to''' a}`ot"$1""";a}`r}" d%"""" switch vi4 a}`r}" ,Charlotte switched to drinking low- fat milk because she believes it is better for her health4 e)"c|"d*"kw`r!'d*'a:'ns1nw`2?'$"f>'e.' e?"n>"d$"kt"lx'k{"s`*"- gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg #a/#bd 8"d/1j!"t" ,The ,Jolly ,Roger and ,Female ,Pirates of the ,Golden ,Age of ,Piracy iu1k$`;-j*1-2 rx133k?'k31e{'e61 ,When people think of famous pirates1 they might rattle off fictional pirates like the swashbuckling ,Jack ,Sparrow1 his rival ,Hector ,Barbossa1 or even ,Captain ,Hook4 ,Some might even mention real pirates who gained fame through murder1 torture1 fear1 and wealth1 like ,Blackbeard1 ,Henry ,Avery1 ,Henry ,Morgan1 and more4 ,Female pirates are hardly held in the same regard1 as they were not welcomed on ships due to physically demanding labor4 ,They were also considered bad luck4 ,Therefore1 many women had to dress and act as men to fit in aboard pirate ships4 ,Anne ,Bonny and ,Mary ,Read are the two most famous female pirates of the golden age who sailed on the same ship4 ,Though much about their lives remains a mystery1 there are some things we know4 ,Bonny was born ,Anne ,Cormac in ,Ireland around #agjj as the illegitimate daughter of a lawyer and his servant maid4 ,She grew up in the ,,US colonies and later married a sailor named ,James ,Bonny4 ,After moving to the ,Caribbean1 she had an affair with pirate ,John 8,Calico ,Jack0 ,Rackham and ran away with him1 cross-dressing to be part of his crew4 ,Her true identity was known only to ,Rackham and eventually another disguised female member of the crew1 ,Mary ,Read4 ,Read was also an illegitimate child1 but she was raised as a boy4 ,She joined the army1 and ended up falling in love with a soldier4 ,They married1 but she returned to living as a man when he died shortly after and joined ,Rackham's ship4 ,When the ship was later captured and ,Calico ,Jack was hanged1 the two women were spared execution when they claimed they were pregnant4 ,While their fates are left unknown1 their story has captivated people ever since4 #a4 ,Which of the following is mentioned about pirates8 7,A7 ,Most pirates are fictional characters4 7,B7 ,Pirates only existed in the #afjjs4 7,C7 ,The features listed have never been described about a real pirate4 7,D7 ,People like the idea of pirates because they lived outside the law4 #b4 ,What was a tactic used by pirates to capture merchant ships8 7,A7 ,They would send over smaller boats to take over the ships4 7,B7 ,They would immediately attack the ship without any warning4 7,C7 ,They would sail under a reputable flag before switching to a pirate flag4 7,D7 ,They would use the ,Jolly ,Roger to welcome their victims4 #c4 ,Who is a fictional pirate in the following8 7,A7 ,Anne ,Bonny4 7,B7 ,Mary ,Read4 7,C7 ,Blackbeard4 7,D7 ,Hector ,Barbossa4 #d4 ,What did women have to do in order to become a pirate according to the article8 7,A7 ,They had to develop the muscles necessary for physical labor4 7,B7 ,They had to join the army before being admitted to a pirate ship4 7,C7 ,They were required to gain the trust of a pirate beforehand4 7,D7 ,They had to pretend they were men in order to become a pirate4 33333333333333333333 dx'gu1mu1e.`d%"a/"my1d!arw`d%"i:12f>' mu1l!`nz1r$"o/"k)`e:'e3`d*"i3'b/'e."i:" 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8'rv"-c>'l!"m/`s`gv`,|` f>'e:'ou'2oy"b}'a!a*"ey"q/1a_'bz1$1f>' d!ab}1~1- f>'d!aau'i:1iu'qu"a:`s`c>'l!" m/`*`k*1r("cw1cy"*'my1$"a_'d!an|`ey"rw` d%"bz1~1m>`c*"-c*`d!1a:'d%"- c*`d!1+`i:"e:'iz'n|`2dv"f>'j&1e{`ks" o0"dx'bz1nv1rw1cw1.`- f>'k)'g/"k4'd$"2 h$"r("|`*'my1i:"oy'e.'w"- f>'mu1k+1r=' c!a2dv"dx'f>'e:`r("o/"ks`2c*`d!1ot"b&1 e?'r$1d%"nv1ey"iu'qu"d!aiz'r312oy"k)'g/" c!ac>'l!"m/`d!ab}1d$"- dx'a!"e%'b}1r(" cw1o0"c/`r3"j+`ow1mt1o/"k+1l!"o0"k{`e:` i:12a!"c.`my1n|`h:`iz'bz'h:"iu'r714":1 ey"mt`|1nv1- e$'gv1f>'mu1h$"a&'d!amy"4" /1gu1a:'e{`2dv"f>'mu1d!ak/"i:"j:`r("*' a:1cy"gu1mu1a%1m*1- #a4 ou`=1f*1k*1e)"c+"n>`*'e."k}'|1rw` d%"d!ae|"i/"o 7,A7 d>"d3'i/"rw`d%"d('i:"e|'k("k{` e!"- 7,B7 rw`d%"a:`j=1hw"|1i:1j*'i:"k*"- 7,C7 =1a&'c+"b/'d!af!"az'j&1$"o0"n>1 cw1m{1i/"au'i:1rw`d%"- 7,D7 gu1mu1e*`r}'rw`d%"d!akw"nt"2?'$" f>'mu1iz'r31hw"q>`c|"a:"d/"7"- #b4 rw`d%"o/`r3"ix'b}1d!aj!"c8"i:"iu1 m!ao 7,A7 f>'mu1r$"pw"b/'k{"e{`d!ab}1a:'cw1 k+'k}`n>"e+'ix'b}1- 7,B7 f>'mu1r$"hw"m01s`gu"r!1ky`k%"d!a jy1l_"e)"c*"k*1k&'k*1ix'b}1- 7,C7 hw"r}"bz1rw`d%"j*1a:'jt12f>'mu1 r$"hw"*'mt"iz'|"c.1r%`d!aj*1a:"e)"rx1 ey1- 7,D7 f>'mu1r$"i:`6"rw`d%"j*1cw1r}'y1 f>'mu1d!ai("rw"a!`- #c4 e)"c+"n>`$"gu1/"i:"e|'k("d!arw` d%"o 7,A7 v'n*1-ox'n*1- 7,B7 m>`c*"-c*`d!1- 7,C7 r0'r/1h:a- 7,D7 o>'o<1i>'b}1ax`- #d4 ku'k|"ou`=12$"c!abz1$1rw`d%"2n|` ey"o*"e|'h3"e+'iu1m!ao 7,A7 f>'mu1o*"e|'d}"ct"f*`c*"c%1d&"e3` e|'d!ak*'g("- 7,B7 f>'mu1hw"o0"a=`e|`k)'g/"rw`d%"b}1 a:'jt1o*"e|'et'j&1k4'- 7,C7 f>'mu1o*"e|'i:"et'r3"d!1*'my1rw` d%"d!ae?"gu"- 7,D7 $"c!abz1$1rw`d%"2f>'mu1o*"e|'k)` a_'bz1nv1gu1- d>1v"33 #a4 ,D #b4 ,C #c4 ,D #d4 ,D 33333333333333333333 8,Words in ,Use0 #a4 fictional a4 e|'k("d!a ,The events in this film are entirely fictional4 y`pt"c*`d!aa!"e+'k/"i:"b=1i/`e|'k("- #b4 rival n4 d$"i(`2d*1i(` & vt4 |`""" p*`d*1 ,We defeated our rivals at last ,Saturday's basketball game4 3`mu1hw"ix"ey'j*1cs"d!acv1js1o*`ew"a&' k*1ow"d$"i(`- ,My mother says nothing can rival the beauty of the ,Rocky ,Mountains4 3`m>'m>'i3'c3"k*'iv'd!am0`c*"/1|`c=1 o*`- #c4 torture n4 l/"ey1;a!1m<1 & vt4 a!1 m<12l%`=" ,It was torture for me to hear my brother sing4 fy'3`k!'bx"k!'au'i:"*'a&`a!1m<1- ,Ray was tortured by the thought of his ex-girlfriend dating someone else4 e{`c01e.`j*`jt1n|`s`rv"o+1gu18'r$"ks" o0"i("a!1m<1- #d4 demanding a4 q0"c*"d!a;l!'js1d!a ,Although it was a demanding job1 ,I felt ,I learned a lot from it4 e$'gv1n>"i:"qu"b:'c*"d!ak&'h3"2dv"3` k81d!aj&1a&'e81d%"ru`d3'- #e4 illegitimate a4 q0'r='iz'd!a;q0' q>`d!a an illegitimate child e:'iz'h:` ,The president made illegitimate use of public funds4 kw'h&`f&`q0'q>`d&"6"k&'l}`- #f4 crew n4 {b}1ix"r3"q0'k*'ix"d!ao j~1f*`k&'h3"gu1~1 a crew of+ i/"h:" """$"k&'h3"gu1~1 ,We have a crew of #cj on our ship4 3`mu1b}1ix"*'k&"s`ev'i:1$"k&'h3"gu1~1- #g4 disguise vt4 k)`ov"{ou`=1$1k3"j|" qu'j:1h3"ey1g&1j:16"o disguise oneself as''' k.'h:"k*`j{1a_' bz1""" ,Jessica disguised herself as a man in order to join the club4 $"c!ak)'g/"kw'k|"c!"o/"2k+1e*'l>`n|` ov"nv1a_'- #h4 execution n4 b/`k81;a:1ey1 ,The convict confessed all his sins to the priest before the execution4 a!"my1h$"qv"hw"b/`k81jt1e."iu1q/"bv" r$`f>'e3`s`d!ah$"- #i4 pregnant a4 r714"d!a ,People should yield these seats to those in need1 such as pregnant women and the elderly4 gu1mu1y'kw'gx"h3"k0`e|'{"d!agu12e."i:" 4"q/"rv"nt1ax`a!`- #aj4 captivate vt4 i:`a%1m*12e*'?` ,That speaker captivated his audience with stories about his trip to ,Japan4 n>"$"k.`a!`k.`i/"f>'g:"ou`a:'c|`d!ak/" i:"i:`fy'a&"$1a:'a%1m*1- #aa4 beforehand adv4 i:"et' ,Call the restaurant beforehand to book a table for six4 et'd>`dt"r9"k0`jv'fy'dy"cs"gu1d!ah3"$" o>a- 33333333333333333333 8,more to ,learn0 authority n4 j~1c*"2dx'j~1{o/"l!`i/`o ,The police have authority to take a suspect in for questioning4 ky`b>1s`j~1k|'cs1et1qv"pv1="- ---------------------------------------- *`e)"$1 authority d!abx1kt"6"q>`rv"t` iz'h:"33 a4 o{`;-j~1$'-2 i:12s`e)"c+"6"q>`33 have authority over''' s`j~1a:`r$'/ k}`c*`""" ,Our parents have authority over us when we are young4 q/"m/`s`j~1hw"3`mu1nt1k*"rw1e{`i:1k}` 3`mu1- b4 o{`;-dx'k|1-22rz16"q/"i/"ey1- ,The authorities concerned should take steps to crack down on drug dealing4 s`k}'dx'k|1y'kw'jw`j|`j3"i:'cw1e%`dx" qv"d/1- c4 o{`;-j~1$'gu1/"-22$1l!`i/`my1j:1- ,Monica is an authority on cooking and baking4 m<"n*1l>`i:"pz'gu"rv"r&'o0"d!aj~1$'gu1 i:"- d4 authorize vt4 i("j~1 ,I authorized ,James to speak for me in my absence4 3`i("j~1av'm/`i:"hw"3`o/"hw"i:1f*"3` q>'t1- e4 authorized a4 ky'i("j~1d!a ,Only authorized people have access to your medical records4 a:`s`ky'k3"i("j~1d!agu1jw1nz1b>18"n*` d!a*'c{1k*"c/"- aboard prep4 hw"{b!',b}1r3"q0'k*'dz` k{'f&'k&'k|"o ix" ,We got aboard the plane at six o'clock this morning4 3`mu1k?'h%`cs"dt`dz'k*'- ---------------------------------------- aboard vs abroad a4 aboard l!`h3"k+" j:12g/1ou`=16"q>`- b4 aboard *"l!`h3"q/"j:12a:`;-hw"b!', b}1r3"q0'k*'dz`k{'f&'k&'k|"ix"-22dz`|1 on board1 r3"a:`;-dz'ix"b!',b}1r3"q0'k*' dz`k{'f&'k&'k|"-2- ,There were more than #a1jjj people aboard when the ship sank4 n>"e%'b}1bu1m<"i:12s`*'jt'd3'gu1hw"b}1 ix"- ,Soon after it took off1 the plane crashed and killed all the passengers on board4 q0'k*'j*`q0'm01d3'ks`ot"a$"r$`2k*'ix" bz1l!"j~1o/"c*1nv"- c4 abroad a:`h3"q/"j:12o{`;-hw"k317", d%"k317"-22*"e:'k+'k?" overseas4 ,Studying abroad is a good opportunity to learn about new cultures4 b/'k31cs1e81i:"c{`k+`e?'=1r9"d!ar%`k*' r$"- 33333333333333333333 8,Grammar ,Tips0 ''' what we think of pirates today1 which includes their adventures1 hidden treasures1 and fame on the high seas1 is from the ,Golden ,Age of ,Piracy in the #agth and #ahth centuries4 q0'et"dy"es'i:"|`et"dy"es'i:"d!aj|'o+1 `99 q0'et"dy"es'i:"33 a}'s`my1j:1 7g/1 ,Tom1 ,John1 ,Taipei7 r3"i:"d/1*'ey"my1j:1{g/1 father k*1 mother1 ?'q/"j?'r3"m/`j?'f&'bx1a:`s`*' k!"o2a:'r("g3"k+'k}'e*"dw"my1j:1e3`?`d%` d!aey1g&1j:1h:`k|"i:12kw'k}'e*"dw"my1j:1 a:'jt1*'dy"{"a:"d("dt`2j:`i:1kw'ey1g&1 j:1h:`k|"ks"bz'$1q0'et"dy"es'i:"|`;{"a/" *"d!ai:"2hw"q0'et"dy"es'i:"6"q>`a&'2k}' e*"dw"my1j:1 who1 whom k*1 which o/"l!` 6" that j|`dw"- ,This is my grandmother1 who loves me very much4 a!"i:"3`7"p<12f>'q0'bx1w"3`- 99 et"dy"es'i:"33 *'ov'my1j:1g3"o/"k|"f!"i/'ey"2l!`6"ey1 g&1j:1h:`k|"k)'*`et"dy"es'i:"2*`k)'j.1 j*1f!"i/'ey"2l!`*"bz1"""d!a-22j*1k}'e*" dw"my1j:1jt1o/"a:"d("dt`- ,I like the book which ,Larry bought yesterday4 3`e*`r}'cw"g$"h31ft'mw`d!an>"ou`i/'- ---------------------------------------- ky'e~`i:"f*1 ,Andy just came back from ,Wellington ---- is the capital of ,New ,Zealand4 7,A7 that 7,B7 which 7,C71 that 7,D71 which d>1v"33 ,D 33333333333333333333 8,Words for ,Reference0 ? swashbuckling a4 6`mz`d!a ? colony n4 a:1m?1d*" ? calico n4 r("mt1o/";ow1o/" ? cross-dress vi4 b}'*"ey"q/1a_' ? hang vt4 d{"e:` ? reputable a4 iz'|"r%`d!a 33333333333333333333 8,Practical ,Phrases0 #a4 rattle off'''/ rattle''' off o/"k)`e:'e3`d*"i3'b/'/ l7"e/"o0"b/'""" rattle vt4 d+1d+1o/"es'd*"k.`r9" ,May quickly rattled off the names of the people who were coming to the party4 e{`m01*'l(`j*"i3'b/'c!ajv'k)'pw"d$"a!` d!amy1h:"- #b4 fit in''' g&1g/"""";l!`*`qx"g/"""" ,I don't think that apple will fit in your pocket4 3`o/"gu"$1n>"l!'py1k3`qx"d!ak?"n*`d!a l(`dw"c*`- #c4 have an affair with sb rv"m(`gu1s`r='7"jy1;rv"m(`gu1fv1ct"w" ,Jason had an affair with his secretary1 so his wife divorced him4 k+1eu'|`m*"i/'s`gv`2e3`*`f>'c%`p<1ku' f>'c*1r='c!a- #d4 be known to sb $1m(`gu1e3`a:' ,That terrorist organization is known to governments the world over4 n>"k!"l&`o/"h/`a:'$1j~1js1d!aaz"q/`e3` i/1a:'- #e4 take over''' k+'k}`""" ,Who's going to take over the department after ,Mr4 ,Johnson resigns8 j.1eu'et'iz'j:1a:1r("i01k.'k+'k}`kw' o/"mu1o #f4 be admitted to''' r3"a=`k?"g/"""" admit vt4 a=`e|`k?"g/";bz1gu" ,Only #e`0 of the applicants are admitted to the university4 a:`s` #e`0 d!aiu'jy`a!`r3"a=`k?"g/"kw' e3`d>"e81- #g4 be required to ,V o*"e|'{"""" ,In the college where ,Ted studies1 all freshmen are required to live in the dorms4 hw"fw"d!1nt"d!an>"e3`d>"e812e3`s`d>"*' e81iz'd('o*"e|'{"a/"e/"- gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg #a/#be =1*"e~`ft1 ,Lighting ,Up the ,Night for ,Millennia j$`jv"r9'r3`av"qx"ft'l&' by ,Daniel ,Howard ,Most historians believe that fireworks originated in ,China1 where alchemists1 probably searching for an elixir of immortality1 mixed together the chemicals to produce gunpowder4 ,While it didn't make the alchemists live 7#a---71 it did explode in an impressive way4 ,It didn't take long for people to find a use for this new 7#b---74 ,The original form of fireworks were simple firecrackers--usually tubes 7#c---7 bamboo or paper--thrown into the fire to scare away evil spirits at significant events like births and weddings4 ,Later1 people found that if the tube remained open at one end1 then the gunpowder would 7#d---7 it into the sky to explode4 ,These exploding projectiles 7#e---7 weapons like rockets1 bombs1 and eventually guns4 ,However1 fireworks themselves remained a source of joy and 7#f---74 ,Early fireworks were 7#g---7 to white and pale yellow1 which are the colors gunpowder naturally produces when it burns4 ,By the #ahjjs1 chemistry had advanced to the point that people could add color to the fireworks by using 7#h---7 chemicals4 ,For example1 copper- based chemicals burn blue1 and strontium-based chemicals burn red4 ,Today1 there are even more colors1 and complex fireworks can 7#i---7 multiple colors that explode in a variety of shapes and patterns4 ,Many countries have 7#aj---7 fireworks displays as symbols of celebration1 and they feature prominently in countless major events4 ,From ,Sydney's ,Midnight ,Fireworks that ring in the ,New ,Year to ,America's ,Independence ,Day on ,July #d1 fireworks have come a long way to play an important role in world cultures4 7,A7 limited 7,B7 made of 7,C7 adopted 7,D7 forever 7,E7 wonder 7,F7 material 7,G7 pack 7,H7 propel 7,I7 led to 7,J7 additional 33333333333333333333 e|`d3'c*"i:`e81k)'e.'e?"t'r3`~1|1a&' k312kw'k31d!act"k?'i/"i:"r3"e|`i:"$"c!a e41a%`nz1k("bx1iz'o/"c%`d!acy1dv'2j8"?' :1r="r!1c!a*'e+'r9"e81/"a:1a:"h%"b/'r3` {"- e$'gv1f>'oy"$"gx"ct"k?'i/"i:"bx1iz' o/"c%`2j8"*`*'a&`cy"gu1ky't"d!aqx'i:"av" qx"lw'cw1- gu1mu1m01r9'd3'i%`i:1kt'ks"$" a!"a&`e?'/"a:1a%`d%"6"f/1- ~1i:`d!at'r3`ey1i:"a:`i:"kt`dv'd!aot' p%""1f&'bx1i:"s1a/1h:ar3"a:`a:"bz1d!ak}` h:a"1hw"y':1b/'iz'r3"r='c*`dz`a&"{"bx` r!1ix"o0"ds'k?"r3`c*`*`j|'kv`e+1cy1- r(" cw12gu1mu1q>'et"g/1k3`k}`h:ad!acy"*'d}' o%`b:1bx`lw'2n>"m!ar3`{"ks"r$"k.'f>'f$' e&"d%"ft'l&'oy"o%"a>"- a!"e+'r$"o%"a>" d!ap%'i!"/"j/"bz1e."i:"r3`kt",a>"dv",h$" a&'i:"j.'dz`/`j*"d!aq>'my1- o/"k3"2t'r3` ou`iu'*'gv1i:"r}'c!"|`ky'j*1d!acw1~1- h%`j*1d!at'r3`k?`et"|1ow1e!"rv"dv"r_1 e!"2a!"i:"r3`{"hw"gv1i%'i:1h:"gv1bv`iz' d!at1e!"- d%"c!ai:1ks`i:"k*"2r9"e81*`k?" o/"d%"gu1mu1l!`*`k+"s1i:`6"!17"d!ar9"e81 /"a:1cw1hz'k)'t'r3`d!at1e!"- k|`c*":1t12 *`f&1$1k*'d*`d!ar9"e81/"a:1gv1i%'r$"bv` iz'cv1e!"2:1*`e&'$1k*'d*`d!ar9"e81/"a:1 gv1i%'h!1r$"bv`iz'r&1e!"- i:1a:"k?'g:"2 iu"a:"s`kz"d3't1e!"2j+`q/"r!1ey1d!at'r3` rw1l!`*`6`s`kz"d3'a&`t1e!"2r$"hw"l&'a&' o%"a>"bz1k!"a&`o/"f&1d!aey1a_"rv"f/1v"- e|`d3'k31k)'d('jw`j|`i:'qx"t'r3`h3"$1 jy"dt`d!ae."az'2f>'mu1hw"/1i/"a&"{"bx` r!1a&'av"k|"et`a/"d!ad*"$"- j&1e8`c*1y1 k+'e?'nt1d!al9"nt1t'r3`d%"m0`k31j*'8"e:" g:"k31jy"g:"2t'r3`*'a:1*`cw1d('hw"i:"k+" k!"d*"d!a=1r9"a&'bz1k&'d*"ov"t`a&"{"k{` e!"- d>1v"33 #a4 ,D #b4 ,F #c4 ,B #d4 ,H #e4 ,I #f4 ,E #g4 ,A #h4 ,J #i4 ,G #aj4 ,C 33333333333333333333 &e~`e."k+`e*'y 7,A7 limit vt4 et"a:" limited a4 s`et"d!a be limited to''' k|1et"|1""" ,Aaron's interests are limited to sports1 cars1 and comics4 )"c=1d!aey"j|"k|1et"hw"4"d&",b!'h:arv" mv"r9"- 7,B7 be made of''' s1"""{jw1c{"o a:" bz1 ,My grandfather's cabin in the country is made of wood4 3`+1+1d!ae.'e)"e{`/'i:"m/"h%"d!a- 7,C7 adopt vt4 jw`j|`;cy`.` ,Our company recently adopted a strict no-smoking policy4 h$"k?"3`mu1k&'e:'jw`6"c!a*'e."t1c*"d!a k?"t'az"j!"- ,The ,Jacksons have been considering adopting a child for years4 k+1l!"eu'*'k)'l%`c|"{"cy`.`e{`rw1r%` k*`nt1c!a- 7,D7 forever adv4 6`~`d*" & a4 6`~`d!a ,We are finished forever6 ,I don't ever want to see your face again4 3`mu1a:'kt'}1}1c!al 3`hw"+`o/"e.`lv" d%"n*`d!act`- 7,E7 wonder n4 ky'j*1;j*1k}' & vt4 e.` {"a:'d%"2n>"mu" ,The ,Great ,Wall of ,China is one of the greatest architectural wonders of the world4 a&'k31d!a}"c*`bx1bz1i:"i:"ix"h$"$`d>" d!akt"a/1j*1ky`a:'*'- ,Betty is wondering where her son went4 o0"d*"hw"n>"mu":1h:ap%`n>`j|"c!a- 7,F7 material n4 /"a:1;jw1c{" & a4 /" a:1d!a ,John sells building materials such as bricks1 tiles1 etc4 8'rv"qv"i("kt"jw12g/1a}'l7",j:1a}'dz`- ,For all his material comforts1 the rich man still isn't happy4 a!"my1q/"&'k?`k}`s`a&`a&`d!a/"a:1e.` i("2j8"gz1o/"l7"c!"- 7,G7 pack vt4 & vi4 d>`o%';k*`mv` & n4 o%'2r!12q/";*'j41{cx1,k(`dz`j~`l!'d&"/"o be packed with''' k*`mv`""" ,The bus was packed with passengers1 so ,I decided to wait for the next one4 a!"c."k&'b!'k*`mv`c!abz1l!"2e3`*`3`k81 dy"dz`e)"*'ov'- ,A pack of wolves was attacking the sheep4 *'j41cx1az"hw"k&'k*1a!"e+'mt1.1- 7,H7 propel vt4 f$'d&";j|'j!" ,The desire to succeed propelled ,Beth to work #ab hours a day4 e.`bz1k&'d!a|"_"j|'i:`o0"e:'*'ft'k&' h3"i:1:"k!"e{`i:1- 7,I7 lead to''' d%`a:"/ j/"bz1""" .k result in''' ,Drunk driving often leads to traffic accidents4 ks`h$"k)"b!'bx1bx1r$"d%`a:"k{'f&'i:" k/"- 7,J7 additional a4 !17"d!a;ft'k)'d!a ,Passengers are allowed two pieces of carry-on luggage4 ,Additional bags must be checked in4 bz1l!"a:`nz1dw"c.`kt"e$1iu'ey1c*`- d3' b/'cw1d!aey1c*`o*"e|'f3'4"- 33333333333333333333 &~1cw1g/1j:`y #a4 ,While it didn't make the alchemists live forever1 it did explode in an impressive way4 c*`s1 a4 ou`k|"$1*'}1az`k|"k("2j+`l&"k!1jt1 s`o/"k*1/"d&"j:1 live {iz'j=1o2k/"a:'l&" k!1y'a:"g/"q/"j:1*`es'i:" live4 b4 e~`e."a&'k?`s` 7,D7 forever q/1r!1 f{1kt"2a:"g/"r("*"q/1r!1|`*"2k/"$1az" e~`- #b4 ,It didn't take long for people to find a use for this new material4 c*`s1 a4 l&"k!1jt1s`a:`i:"ey1g&1j:1 this k*1 ey1g&1j:1 new {e?'d!ao2k/"a:'l&"k!1y'a:" g/"dv'i/"my1j:1*`o0" new es'i:"- b4 e~`e."a&'s` 7,E7 wonder1 7,F7 material k*1 7,G7 pack q/1r!1f{1kt"2ku' k|"|`*"2gu1mu1m01r9'd3'i%`i:1kt'ks"$"a!" a&`e?';-/"a:1-2 a%`d%"6"f/12l!`a:'d>1v" y'e~` 7,F74 #c4 ,The original form of fireworks were simple firecrackers--usually tubes made of bamboo or paper--thrown into the fire to scare away evil spirits at significant events like births and weddings4 c*`s1 a4 l&"k!1e3`hw"$"a:"$1*'b>'g/"|`2l&" k!1jt1s`h3"a/`j:1d!amy1j:1 tubes {k}` h:ao2:1l&"k!1r("s`h3"i("j:1d!a bamboo or paper {a/1h:ar3"a:`o2j+`l&"k!1jt1r("/1 ct1k+'j:12k/"a:'l&"k!1y'a:"g/"qu'j:1ey1 d!ak*1/"d&"j:1r3"pt"|`d&"j:1- b4 e~`e."a&'s` 7,A7 limited1 7,B7 made of1 7,C7 adopted k*1 7,I7 led to q/1r!1 f{1kt"2ku'k|"|`*"2f&'bx1i:"s1a/1h:ar3" a:`;-a:"bz1-2 d!ak}`h:a2l!`a:'d>1v"y'e~` 7,B74 #d4 ,Later1 people found that if the tube remained open at one end1 then the gunpowder would propel it into the sky to explode4 c*`s1 a4 l&"k!1jt1s`a/"d&"j:1 would1 :1l&" k!1r("s`h3"i("j:1d!adw"my1j:1 it1 k/"a:' l&"k!1y'a:"g/"~1ey1k*1/"d&"j:1r3"pt"|` d&"j:1- b4 e~`e."a&'s` 7,E7 wonder1 7,G7 pack k*1 7,H7 propel q/1r!1f{1kt"2ku'k|"|`*"2 r3`{"ks"r$"k.'f>';-f$'e&"-2 d%"ft'l&'oy" o%"a>"2l!`a:'d>1v"y'e~` 7,H74 #e4 ,These exploding projectiles led to weapons like rockets1 bombs1 and eventually guns4 c*`s1 a4 l&"k!1jt1s`h3"a/`j:1d!aq/"i/"my1j:1 j:1h/` ,These exploding projectiles {a!" e+'r$"o%"a>"d!ap%'i!"/"o2:1l&"k!1r("s` h3"i("j:1d!amy1j:1 weapons {/`j*"o2k/" a:'l&"k!1y'a:"g/"q/"i/"k*1/"d&"j:1r3"pt" |`d&"j:1- b4 e~`e."a&'ix"s` 7,A7 limited1 7,C7 adopted1 7,E7 wonder1 7,G7 pack k*1 7,I7 led to q/1r!1f{1kt"2ku'k|"|`*"2a!"e+'r$" o%"a>"d!ap%'i!"/";-j/"bz1-2 e."i:"r3` kt",a>"dv",h$"a&'i:"j.'dz`/`j*"d!aq>' my12l!`a:'d>1v"y'e~` 7,I74 #f4 ,However1 fireworks themselves remained a source of joy and wonder4 c*`s1 a4 l&"k!1jt1s`my1j:1 joy {r}'c!"o k*1 d$"dz`ct1k+'j:1 and1 k/"a:'l&"k!1*"y'a:" g/"my1j:1*`rv" joy ey1bz1d$"dz`- b4 e~`e."a&'ix"s` 7,E7 wonder k*1 7,G7 pack q/1r!1f{1kt"2ku'k|"|`*"2t'r3`ou`iu' *'gv1i:"r}'c!"|`;-ky'j*1-2 d!acw1~12l!` a:'d>1v"y'e~` 7,E74 #g4 ,Early fireworks were limited to white and pale yellow1 which are the colors gunpowder naturally produces when it burns4 c*`s1 a4 l&"k!1jt1s`k3"j|"i:" be d&"j:1 were1 :1l&"k!1r("s`k+"j:1 to1 k/"a:'l&" k!1y'a:"g/"ey1g&1j:1r3"qu'j:1- b4 e~`e."a&'s` 7,A7 limited1 7,C7 adopted k*1 7,J7 additional q/1r!1f{1 kt"2ku'k|"|`*"2h%`j*1d!at'r3`;-k?`et" |1-2 ow1e!"rv"dv"r_1e!"2l!`a:'d>1v"y'e~` 7,A74 #h4 ,By the #ahjjs1 chemistry had advanced to the point that people could add color to the fireworks by using additional chemicals4 c*`s1 a4 l&"k!1jt1s`k*1/"d&"j:1 using {i:` 6"o2:1l&"k!1r("s`my1j:1 chemicals {r9" e81/"a:1o2k/"a:'l&"k!1y'a:"g/"ey1g&1j:1 r3"qu'j:1*`es'i:" chemicals1 r3"a:"g/" my1j:1*`rv" chemicals ey1bz1my1j:1j:1 h/`- b4 e~`e."a&'ix"s` 7,C7 adopted1 7,G7 pack k*1 7,J7 additional q/1r!1f{1kt"2 ku'k|"|`*"2gu1mu1l!`*`k+"s1i:`6";-!17" d!a-2 r9"e81/"a:1cw1hz'k)'t'r3`d!at1e!"2 l!`a:'d>1v"y'e~` 7,J74 #i4 ,Today1 there are even more colors1 and complex fireworks can pack multiple colors that explode in a variety of shapes and patterns4 c*`s1 a4 l&"k!1jt1s`a/"d&"j:1 can1 :1l&"k!1 r("s`h3"i("j:1d!amy1j:1j:1h/` multiple colors {d3'a&`t1e!"o2k/"a:'l&"k!1y'a:" g/"~1ey1k*1/"d&"j:1r3"pt"|`d&"j:1- b4 e~`e."a&'k?`iz" 7,G7 pack q/1r!1f{1 kt"2a:"g/"r("*"q/1r!1|`*"2k/"$1az"e~`- #aj4 ,Many countries have adopted fireworks displays as symbols of celebration1 and they feature prominently in countless major events4 c*`s1 a4 l&"k!1jt1s`o{`}1bz1i:"d!aa/"d&"j:1 have1 :1l&"k!1r("s`h3"i("j:1d!amy1j:1j:1 h/` fireworks displays {t'r3`i:'qx"o2k/" a:'l&"k!1y'a:"g/"k*1/"d&"j:1r3"pt"|`d&" j:1d!ak3"j|"}1bz1i:"- b4 e~`e."a&'k?`iz" 7,C7 adopted q/1r!1 f{1kt"2a:"g/"r("*"q/1r!1|`*"2k/"$1az" e~`- 33333333333333333333 8,Words for ,Reference0 ? millennia n4 jt'e*`nt1{q/"i/"ey1o millennium n4 jt'e*`nt1{dv'i/"ey1o ? alchemist n4 ct"k?'i/"i:" ? elixir n4 cy1dv'm{"{" ? gunpowder n4 r3`{" ? firecracker n4 ot'p%" ? projectile n4 p%'i!"/" ? chemistry n4 r9"e81 ? copper n4 f&1 ? strontium n4 e&' 33333333333333333333 8,Practical ,Phrases0 #a4 light up''' dt`c."""" light vi4 dt`gv1 ev'fw"$133 light1 lit1 lit4 ,Fireworks lit up the night sky during the ,New ,Year celebrations4 hw"e?'nt1jy"a/"r31d&"i:12t'r3`a%"c."+" l&'- #b4 originate in''' ~1h:"|1""" originate vi4 j*`~1 ,Many ,Christmas traditions are thought to have originated in ,Germany4 e|`d3'iz"dv"k+1d!ab}1f&`o0"gu"$1j*`~1 |1d!1k31- #c4 a variety of''' k!"i:"k!"."d!a""" ,This boutique sells a variety of trendy outfits4 a!"kt'ky'p?`dt"qv"mw"k!"i:"k!"."d!acs1 ey1q/1i:"- #d4 ring in''' y1k?"/ y1k+'""" ,We're going to ,Tokyo to ring in the ,New ,Year4 3`mu1k.'{"d%"d&'ky'y1k+'e?'nt1- 33333333333333333333 8,Words in ,Use0 #a4 immortality n4 o/"e:`2o/"es` ,Even though immortality is out of the question1 some people still dream of living forever4 e$'gv1bx1iz'o/"c%`i:"o/"l!`nz1d!ai:"2 o/"k3"s`e+'gu1rw1i:"mz"e.`nz1k("6`iz'- #b4 explode vi4 o%"a>" ,Many people were injured when the car bomb exploded downtown4 j*"b!'a>"dv"hw"i:"j|'o%"a>"i:12e|`d3' gu1d('?':1i("c!aix'- #c4 original a4 ~1et'd!a2h$"b/'d!a ,The original plan was replaced with a much more effective one4 ~1et'd!ak*"r9"o0"*'k!"kz"s`e{"c|"d!a k*"r9"j|`dw"c!a- #d4 significant a4 a&"{"d!a2a&"d>"d!a ,Shakespeare is one of the most significant writers of all time4 i>'i:"o*`)"i:"i:`ix"h$"a&"{"d!ah3"k)' a:'*'- #e4 pale a4 dv"e!"d!a;jx'ow1d!a & vi4 e.'ey1i:'e!" pale in comparison e.'ey1kt"b/" ,Sherry looked pale when she came off the roller coaster4 e8`c*"j&141e{'q0'b!'e)"cw1r("ct`e!"q>' ow1- ,This film adaptation is great1 but it pales in comparison to the book version4 a!"o/"kw`ot'd!adt"y`ru`ox"2o/"k3"|`i/' o*`k{"a:'e)"ks"b>'c!a*'dt`- #f4 advance vi4 k*"e|"jt1k?"2q>'av` & n4 k?"o/";k?"av` ,We have advanced greatly in our knowledge of the universe4 3`mu1d$"|1|`a("d!agu"a:'*`s`d>"q/1d/" d!ak?"av`- ,The #bjth century saw revolutionary advances in medicine4 :"i:1i:"k*"kt"az"c!a*'e81ix"d!ak!1my" ey"k?"av`- #g4 complex a4 q/"r!1d!a;q/"h>1d!a ,Angela spent an hour trying to solve that complex problem4 v'j*1c>'r9'c!a*'k!"e{`i:1i:"f/1{"k+` k81n>"k!"q/"h>1d!a="f*1- #h4 multiple a4 d3'b&1d!a2a&"d3'd!a ,Jim had multiple heart attacks last year1 but he's getting better now4 k*1m/`j|"nt1e?'hx"oy"q>'h3"r%`k*`j:"2 dv"et"hw"iu'f*`kt"kt"r%`a}`- #i4 symbol n4 e."az' be the symbol of''' i:""""d!ae."az' ,The maple leaf is the symbol of ,Canada4 qz'+"i:"k)'n>1d>"d!ae."az'- #aj4 prominently adv4 et`a/"d*" ,Global warming has been prominently featured in this program4 j~1js1n}`r9"i:"kw'k+1m/"d*"a/`a(1- #aa4 independence n4 d/1c*" ,It was not until #aiii that ,East ,Timor gained its independence4 d&'d*"="a:1d%" #aiii nt1jw1d/1c*"- gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg #a/#bf e?'d3'*" ,,NEW ,,TOEIC e?'d3'*"jy1ky"i:"f*1k&'c8" ,Part #f ,Text ,Completion ,Directions3 ,Read the text below4 ,A word or phrase is missing in some of the sentences4 ,For each empty space in the text1 select the best answer to complete the text4 ,Then mark the letter 7,A71 7,B71 7,C71 or 7,D7 on your answer sheet4 ,Questions #a-c refer to the following email4 ,To3 ,Terry ,Helliwell ,From3 ,Samantha ,Bryant ,Date3 ,February #ac ,Subject3 ,Presentation ,Hi ,Terry1 ,Over the past several days1 ,Cloud ,Stream ,,IT ,Consultants----8---- an intensive analysis of the company's server and database4 ,They are now preparing a report outlining problems found and proposed solutions4 ,The deadline for completion is ,Tuesday at #aj a4 m4 ,A presentation by the team leader from ,Cloud ,Stream will take place in the conference room on ,Wednesday at #a3cj p4 m4 ,He suggested that as well as the entire ,,IT section attending1 the ,Head of ,Sales and ,Chief ,Accountant should also attend4 ----8 ---- ,If you are not available1 you can send a representative----8---- your behalf4 ,Please get back to me ,,ASAP when you decide if you will attend or not4 ,Samantha i:"f*1d>1v"33 #a4 ,B #b4 ,C #c4 ,D #a4 7,A7 was performing 7,B7 have performed 7,C7 performing 7,D7 performs #b4 7,A7 ,The meeting room contains an audiovisual unit4 7,B7 ,Management has approved the practice4 7,C7 ,Let me know if you can join us4 7,D7 ,You should sign up for it in advance4 #c4 7,A7 by 7,B7 under 7,C7 for 7,D7 on 33333333333333333333 i('kt"a!`33fw"g$"-r0'c*"$':` k*"kt"a!`33i>'mv"i>'-o/"cw1u'f!" g:"j*133:"8"i:1ev'g:" a/`a:`33o%"k%" fw"g$"n*`r%`33 41d}'b}"cs1d!ah:'e4"l!'k*"k/"="hw"k3" j|"a!"k*`ft'd$"k&'e:'d!ae:"q/1j*"rv"h:' c{"l/"k?"ey1c!aiu'g/"d!aqu'e*'- f>'mu1 az"hw"a=`o0"*'qu"kw"i/"q>'et"d%"d!a="f*1 rv"f*1b/'k+`k81qx'v"d!ao%"k%"- }1bz1d!a j*1et"i:"a(':"ix"/`i:1dt`- 41d}'b}"cs1 d!af}1d$"a/`k}`k.'|1a('ev'e)"/`*'dt`ev' i:1qu'hw"r$"*"i:"k?"ey1o%"k%"- f>'kt"*" b/1c!ah:'e4"o/"mu1d!aj~1f*`f&1gu17"2+"/" o/"mu1d!aa/`k}`rv"l7"k*"a/`gu"+`y'kw'jv' |"- gx"3`a:'d%"n*`i:"q(`nz1k)'g/"3`mu1- {"i:"n*`m01l&"2l!`*`pw"dw"o{`dw"f*"n*` j|"- n*`k81dy"r%`nz1q(`jv'k)'d!ai:1r(" jy`k?`l7"r$1q/"3`- i>'mv"i>' 33333333333333333333 &i:"f*1k&'c8"y #a4 c*`s1 a4 perform vt4 a:1ey12c|`ey1;o{`t` perform a duty c|`ey1*"/" perform an operation k?"ey1i(`i/" b4 l&"k!1jt1s` ,Over the past several days {hw"k3"j|"a!"k*`ft'o2d!1a:'ou`k|" d!ad&"j:1i:1fw"y'$1et"hw"}1bz1i:"r3"et" hw"}1bz1k?"ey1i:"- cy"7"2s1|1a/`j:1 ,Cloud ,Stream ,,IT ,Consultants {41d}' b}"cs1d!ah:'e4"l!'k*"k/"="o $1q/"i/"my1 j:12?'j:`a/"d&"j:1y'i:`6"et"hw"}1bz1i:" q/"i/"a/"d&"j:1 have4 c4 b/1c!ak+"j:1 over1 during rv" for +`l!`*`|`et"hw"}1bz1i:"r3"et"hw"}1bz1k?" ey1i:"oy"6"33 ,For the past two hours1 ,John and ,I have been discussing how to solve the problem1 but we haven't come up with a workable solution yet4 3`rv"8'rv"k3"j|"a!"c.`k!"e{`i:1*'a:1 hw"f%`c="g/1r!1k+`k81a!"k!"="f*12o/"k3" 3`mu1ix"$"a%`d%"l!`ey1d!ak+`k81qx'q>`- d4 ku'k|"ix"i/"2 7,B7 e."y'$1az"e~`- #b4 c*`s1 a4 7,A7 r$"*"i:"s`*'h/`i:"fy'i!"o0"- 7,B7 k}`c*`k+'jz1*`ky'r!1a=`a!"e."h3" q>`- 7,C7 gx"3`a:'d%"n*`i:"q(`nz1k)'g/"3` mu1- 7,D7 n*`y'kw'i:"et'o%"my1- b4 l&"k!1jt1d!ak|"h:a 8''' as well as the entire ,,IT section attending1 the ,Head of ,Sales and ,Chief ,Accountant should also attend40 {"""b/1c!ah:'e4" o/"mu1d!aj~1f*`f&1gu17"2+"/"o/"mu1d!aa/` k}`rv"l7"k*"a/`gu"+`y'kw'jv'|"-o i3'my1 n>`e+'gu1~1kw'jv'k)'r$"*"- l&"k!1r("d!a k|"h:a 8,If you are not available1 you can send a representative'''0 {{"i:"n*` m01l&"2l!`*`pw"dw"o{`"""o i3'my1fw"g$"o/"nz1jv'k)'r$"*"i:1d!af*" dw"qx'v"2d!1a:'l&"k!1n0"d!ak|"h:aku'{' jy`fw"g$"jv'k)'r$"*"s`k}'- c4 ku'k|"ix"i/"2 7,C7 e."y'$1az"e~`- #c4 c*`s1 a4 ou`f*1j!"i:"e)"c+"k/"dy"6"q>`33 on sb's behalf .k on behalf of sb dw"o{`""";$"c!a"""d!ac*"*" ,The producer of the movie accepted the award on the actor's behalf4 a!"o/"dt"y`d!aa:"h3"gu1dw"o{`n>"$"nv1 t`~1cy`k.`- b4 ku'k|"ix"i/"2 7,D7 e."y'$1az"e~`- 33333333333333333333 8,Words in ,Use0 #a4 consultant n4 k/"=" #b4 intensive a4 f("b!"d!a;m*"k*1d!a; k)'j.1d!a intensive training m*"k*1e4"ct" ,I signed up for a three-month intensive ,French language program4 3`o%"my1c!a$1j*1ev'k!"8"d!am*"k*1q>"|` l!"bz1- #c4 analysis n4 qu'e*' ,Al's background in international relations enabled him to offer an insightful analysis of the problem4 w":`hw"k31k*"k}'e*"qx'mt"d!ao0"ky`i:` f>'nz1k("au'd$"="f*1f*1b/'k|"s`iu'l!"kt" k+`d!aqu'e*'- #d4 server n4 e:"q/1j*" #e4 outline vt4 kw"i/" & n4 d>"kx';c=1 l3" ,Could you outline the situation at the scene of the accident8 n?1i:"q(`nz1c8"i/"*"7"et"bx`d!aa_"l_" n!ao #f4 take place k|`ey1 ,The dinner party will take place at seven o'clock this evening4 a!"bx`}`t"k.'|1k?'}`j*'dt`k|`ey1- #g4 get back to sb r$1q/"m(`gu1 ,I'll get back to you after ,I discuss the matter with ,Johnny4 a!"kt"i:"3`ku'j.1n*1f%`c="a:'r("hw"r$1 q/"n*`- #h4 ,,ASAP c*"l!"{$1 as soon as possible d!ae3'e+`o ,Please write me back ,,ASAP4 .k ,Please write me back as soon as possible4 jy`k?`l7"r$1e?"k0`3`- #i4 audiovisual a4 i:"fy'd!a #aj4 management n4 k}`c*`k+'jz1{k*1r!1 my1j:12o/"l!`i/`o;k}`c*` #aa4 approve vt4 p*'a=`2gu"l!` ,The project must first be approved by the committee4 a!"e."j*"r9"v"o*"e|'et'r3"d!1$`~1r$" d!ar!1a=`- #ab4 in advance f*1jt12|"et' .k beforehand adv4 ,If you are unable to meet the deadline1 please let me know in advance4 n*`g3"/1q>`kv`ix"h$"r("j*1et"d!ar9"2 jy`i:"et'gx"3`a:'d%"- e)"j*1|"k%" ,Part #g dv'pt'8"d/1 gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg #a/#bh l!"c("h:" ,The ,Rainbow ,Mountain of ,Peru ix"d*"d>`qv'd!af{1e!"pv1"1m*"c/` jw`r&1iv' by ,Evan ,Witkowski ,The forces of nature have created many unique sights around the globe1 from steep mountain ranges to vast desert sands4 ,Seeing a picture or a video of a beautiful place never does it justice1 so explorers and those who love the outdoors are always hunting for an undiscovered wild treasure4 ,One remote destination that would take everyone's breath #a is ,Vinicunca1 or ,Rainbow ,Mountain1 in the ,Peruvian ,Andes4 ,Visitors to ,Cusco1 ,Peru1 often make a trip out of the city to see the multilayered and brightly colored peaks of the ,Ausangate ,Mountains near ,Sinakara ,Valley1 including the spectacular ,Rainbow ,Mountain4 ,Locals #b ,Rainbow ,Mountain to be a sacred1 holy place and the deity of ,Cusco4 ,Faithful believers leave offerings there daily4 ,In late ,May or early ,June1 thousands of ,Quechua people make the trek to see ,Sinakara ,Valley and celebrate the ,Snow ,Star ,Festival1 which #c the beginning of winter in the southern hemisphere4 ,It's not hard to see why ,Rainbow ,Mountain is worshipped4 ,The vivid colors and expansive mountains are truly a sight to behold4 #d of the colors is the result of sediment from different minerals and natural weathering over thousands of years4 ,Geologists #e the layers of rock and minerals found that chemical reactions caused by exposure to oxygen1 heat1 and precipitation bring out the minerals' true colors4 ,The bright yellows1 deep reds1 earthy greens1 and vibrant purples make ,Rainbow ,Mountain look like a natural painting6 #a4 7,A7 aboard 7,B7 apart 7,C7 across 7,D7 away #b4 7,A7 consider 7,B7 regard 7,C7 think of 7,D7 refer to #c4 7,A7 softens 7,B7 raises 7,C7 marks 7,D7 combats #d4 7,A7 ,These 7,B7 ,Each 7,C7 ,Many 7,D7 ,Another #e4 7,A7 study 7,B7 studies 7,C7 studying 7,D7 studied 33333333333333333333 d>"h:"gv1d!ac*"c."hw"i:"k+"k!"d*"b_" h%"b/'e|`d3'd/1f!"d!aky`e!"2j&1d(`j{"iv' mw"d%"k_`l3"i>'m<"d('s`- k_'lv"m0`c*"ky` dt`d!af/1pt"r3"y`pt"6`~`/1q>`k.'f>'}1az` bz1et"2?'j:`fv"et`k)'rv"g!"w"r/"7"r31d&" d!agu1mu1h&`i:"hw"e41a%`ix"$"o0"q>'k81 d!a+`7"o%`hx"- *'k!"r$"cy"m0`k!"gu1d(' fv"$1k}'a:`d!a{1~`iz"d*"ks"i:"m*"c/`v' d*"e:'iv'mw"d!a ,Vinicunca1 r3"bz'$1jw` r&1iv'- h%"qx`m*"c/`l/"e:'l!'d!as1l!"ky'bx1r$" b/'bz1s1cv`e*'n>"l>`c>'iv'q/"k?"d3'jz1 j:"j+`e!"jw`et't"d!a%"ex'k)'f!"iv'qz'2 o%'k9'a_"k}'d!ajw`r&1iv'- jw`r&1iv'o0" dx'd*"gu1i:"$1*'k!"h&'k{"iz"d*"oy"o0"qz" $1l/"e:'l!'d!aiu1cy1- jt1bz1d!ae?"f/1m0` ft'd('hw"n>"c*`cs1e)"k&"p?`- hw"/`8"d*` r3"cs"8"b/'i:12bz1jt'ix"}"d!al!"js')"gu1 r$"bx1f/1o>1i!"a:"j:`av'.`e*'n>"l>`c>' iv'k*1jy"a/"e8`ey'k+1{ot'v"33m0`a('~1a/" m?1h/1h$"iz"d>"d!ant1d/"b%1iz"iz"i:"2r$" s`ix"}"my1m?1a&"k|"k*1a:"e*'n>"l>`c>'iv' av'.`iz"y'k*'d/'f/1-o2a!"o{'a:"a!anv1ov" js1d&'k*"d!alw'i:`- o/"nv1lv"b/'$"r!1jw`r&1iv'r$"i("d%"b&1 ky"- j*1et'my1d!ae!"jw`rv"k_`l3"d!aiv' mw"j8"i:1i:"a:1d!a*'lv"d!aky`e."- m0`a&` t1e!"d('i:"cw1h:"o/"f&1l_"/"d!abu1k*'/" *`k*1i/"jt'nt1cw1h:"gv1qz'r9"d!ak+1k3`- t1ks"t1jz1rv"l_"/"jz1d!ad*"a:1e81k)'q>' et"2p/"c/"|1.`j*",k%'='k*1k."i$`e3`?`j*` d!ar9"e81qv`y"r$"i:`l_"/"a:1d!aau'i:1t1 e!"et`et"b/'cw1- et'r_1e!",iu'r&1e!",f/` c|"e!"k*1c."h:`e!"gx"jw`r&1iv'lv"j*`cw1 ks"e."i:"*'q/1ft'gv1d!ar9"h3"l d>1v"33 #a4 ,D #b4 ,A #c4 ,C #d4 ,B #e4 ,C 33333333333333333333 &~1cw1g/1j:`y #a4 ,One remote destination that would take everyone's breath away is ,Vinicunca1 or ,Rainbow ,Mountain1 in the ,Peruvian ,Andes4 c*`s1 a4 ou`f*1j!"i:"e)"c+"k/"dy"6"q>`33 take one's breath away {m0`c*"d!agu1,i:",/"o cy"m(`gu1fv"$1 k}'a:` ,The spectacular view of the valley really took my breath away4 a!"h3"iv'k/`d!aa_"c*"ky`e!"i:1hw"cy"3` fv"$1k}'a:`- b4 ku'k|"ix"i/"6"q>`2 7,D7 e."y'$1az" e~`- #b4 ,Locals consider ,Rainbow ,Mountain to be a sacred1 holy place and the deity of ,Cusco4 c*`s1 a4 7,A7 consider vt4 gu"$1;l%`c|" consider ,A 7to be7 ,B k.' ,A i:"$1 ,B consider ,N/ ,V-ing l%`c|"""" ,I consider water 7to be7 the best drink4 3`gu"$1i$`i:"h$"ox"d!a?`p?`- ,You're a great artist4 ,You should consider selling your works4 n*`i:"ru`ox"d!a*"i/"k)'- n*`y'kw'l%` c|"b/'i("h:"k*`d!ah3"p?`- 7,B7 regard vt4 o>`"""i:"$1 regard ,A as ,B k.' ,A i:"$1 ,B ,Dylan regards ,Amy as a sister1 so he would never dream of dating her4 d*1c=1i:"w"m*'g/1m0"m0"2e3`*`k81o/"r$" mz"e.`ku'f>'8'r$"- 7,C7 think of''' e.`d%"""" think of ,A as ,B k.' ,A i:"$1 ,B ,Can you think of a reason to explain why you are late8 n*`nz1e.`b/'*'k!"c*`s1cw1k+`i:"n*`$" iu1m!ab:1d%"m>ao ,We all think of ,Bill as the most intelligent student in the class4 3`mu1*'a:"gu"$1o*`:`i:"ov'ix"h$"j&'my1 d!ae81iz'- 7,D7 refer to''' *"a:`/ a:`d!ai:"""" refer to ,A as ,B o>` ,A bz'h3" ,B ,When ,I made that comment1 ,I was referring to what the professor had said in his last lecture4 3`h3"b/'n>"k!"py1c="i:12a:`d!ai:"k{" i("hw"ix"*'bx`t`k.`a&'e3`i3'd!ar9"- ,David always refers to his dog as his best friend4 d>"$"h&`i:"i3'f>'d!ak(`i:"f>'h$"{"r%` d!apz1s`- b4 ku'k|"|`*"k*16"q>`2 7,A7 e."y'$1az" e~`- #c4 ,In late ,May or early ,June1 thousands of ,Quechua people make the trek to see ,Sinakara ,Valley and celebrate the ,Snow ,Star ,Festival1 which marks the beginning of winter in the southern hemisphere4 c*`s1 a4 7,A7 soften vt4 g}`r9";i:`g(1g}` ,My grandfather finally softened his stance on same-sex marriage4 3`7"k&'lv"dw"f&1ey"r='?'d!afw"d/"a&'|1 g}`r9"c!a- 7,B7 raise vt4 f*1k%';.`|" ,Many airlines raise ticket prices during ,Chinese ,New ,Year4 e|`d3'rx1l&'k&'e:'hw"n&1c*"e?'nt1j*1 kt'd('r$"f*1k%'k*'p{"d!ak)"k!1- ,Ken was born in ,Taipei but raised in ,Taichung4 >'lu`hw"fw1o0`b/'iz'2dv"hw"fw1a&'o0" q/`.`ax`d>"- 7,C7 mark vt4 o{'a:"2dw"o{`{a&"{"d!a ot"r9"r3"q>'av`o ,The agreement marks a new phase in the diplomatic relations between the two countries4 kw'e+1*"dw"o{`a!"c.`k31d!a7"k{'k}'e*" mw"g/"e?'d!ak+'d}"- 7,D7 combat vt4 d*`lx";|`"""av"d(" ,The police force will be expanded to help combat crime4 ky`qx'k.'r$"l3"d>"ky`c*"cw1e+1a/"d>` k*1qv"h$"- b4 ku'k|"|`*"2 7,C7 e."y'$1az"e~`- #d4 ,Each of the colors is the result of sediment from different minerals and natural weathering over thousands of years4 c*`s1 a4 l&"k!1r("s`k+"j:1 of1 my1j:1j:1h/` the colors {t1e!"o k*1d*"ev'gu1bz'dv'i/" be d&"j:1 is1 d!1a:'l&"k!1y'a:"dv'i/"d!a dw"my1j:1- b4 e~`e."a&'q/1r!1ix"i/"d!as` 7,B7 ,Each {m0`*'k!"o k*1 7,D7 ,Another {cy" *'k!"o2$1ku'k|"|`*"2 7,B7 e."y'$1az"e~`- c4 each pron4 m0`*'k!" ,Each of the tribes has distinctive tribal traditions and cultures4 m0`k!"o/"c3"d('s`j*1d/1f!"d!ao/"c3"b}1 f&`|`=1r9"- #e4 ,Geologists studying the layers of rock and minerals found that chemical reactions caused by exposure to oxygen1 heat1 and precipitation bring out the minerals' true colors4 c*`s1 a4 l&"k!1jt1iz`c8"c!ak}'e*"dw"my1j:1 who1 ~1k|"i:1$133 ,Geologists who study/ studied the layers of rock and minerals found that chemical reactions caused by exposure to oxygen1 heat1 and precipitation bring out the minerals' true colors4 b4 ~1k|"a&'d!aey1g&1j:1h:`k|" 8who study/ studied the layers of rock and minerals0 l!`r9"kt`$1qu'j:1pt"|`2k*1k.' k}'e*"dw"my1j:1 who iv'b/12oy"k.'j*1r(" d!ad&"j:1 study/ studied kw`$1et"hw"qu' j:1 studying r("k*1bz1ou`k|"- c4 ku'k|"ix"i/"2 7,C7 e."y'$1az"e~`- 33333333333333333333 8,Words for ,Reference0 ? a mountain range iv'mw" ? deity n4 iu1my1 ? offering n4 k&"p?`2k*"p?` ? hemisphere n4 {d*"js1d!ao ov"js1 ? sediment n4 bu1k*'/" ? weathering n4 qz'r9"{h3"6"o ? geologist n4 d*"a:1e81k)' ? precipitation n4 k."i$`{|`,e8`dz`o 33333333333333333333 8,Practical ,Phrases0 #a4 do sb/ sth justice b&'qu"av`et"m(` gu1/ m(`/"d!ah$"k)'e/"a:1;d$"m(`gu1/ m(` i:"h3"b/'k&'d%"py1k)" .k do justice to sb/ sth ,This photo doesn't do justice to the wonderful scenery4 a!"ax'e."pt"m01nz1b&'qu"av`et"n>"m0` c*"d!aky`e!"- #b4 hunt for''' e41a%`""" ,Tom has been hunting for a job since last ,June4 fx'm/`j&1j|"nt1cs"8"ks"*'a:1hw"a%`k&' h3"- #c4 a sight to behold a:1d!ak}'ix`d!a ky`/" behold vt4 lv" ,The beauty of the forest is a sight to behold4 n>"h3"eu'c?1d!am0`ky`a:1d!ak}'ix`- #d4 bring out''' i:`"""et`et"b/'cw1; dw"b/'""" ,The wine brings out the flavor of the steak4 a!"a&`p/1f%1ks`f/1et`b/'ns1pw1d!am0` $"- 33333333333333333333 8,Words in ,Use0 #a4 steep a4 d(`j{"d!a ,The hill was so steep that it took us almost two hours to reach the top4 a!"h3"iv'js'au'd(`2?'j:`3`mu1r9'c!ak.' k?"c.`e{`i:1jw1p>1d%"iv'dy`- #b4 vast a4 d>"c."d!a ,The vast majority of experts in the field believe this theory4 kw'cy`|"d>"d3'i/"d!aa}'k)'d('e.'e?"a!" k!"c*`c="- #c4 destination n4 m/"d*"d*" ,Mary and ,Paul chose ,Tahiti as their honeymoon destination4 m>`c*"rv"o%`c31e~`h!1d>"e*'d*"h3"$1f>' mu1m*"8"d!am/"d*"d*"- #d4 spectacular a4 a_"k}'d!a ,The sight of the ,Grand ,Canyon was truly spectacular4 d>"e)1k/`d!aky`e."au'i:"a_"k}'- #e4 sacred a4 |`h&'k{"s`k}'d!a;iu1iz" d!a ,Churches1 temples1 and mosques are all considered sacred4 k{"fx1,e:"m{"k*1jy'au'e:"d('o0"i:"$1 i:"iu1iz"d!a- 99 mosque n4 jy'au'e:" #f4 holy a4 iu1iz"d!a ,The ,Bible is a holy book to all ,Christians4 d$"e3`s`k*'d/'f/1:1t12iz"ky'i:"ou`iu1 iz"d!ai/'- #g4 faithful a4 jt1bz1d!a;a&'i:1d!a be faithful to''' d$""""a&'i:1 ,My mother-in-law is a faithful follower of ,Buddhism4 3`8"m/`i:"*'$"jt1bz1d!aq<1k{"f/1- ,Judy was always faithful to her word4 a/'d*"h&`i:"t1b/'o*"ey1- #h4 trek n4 & vi4 bx1f/1o>1i!" ,We encountered many difficulties on our trek to the summit of ,Mt4 ,Everest4 3`mu1hw"pv'dz'iz"m/`qz'd!abx1f/1o>1i!" a&'h%'|"d%"e|`d3'l="nv1- ,It took the mountain-climbing team two days to trek across the forest4 a!"a:'dz'iv'd$"r9'c!ac.`ft'o>1i!"jw18" k3"a!"h3"eu'c?1- #i4 worship vt4 ky"a&";b&1ow" ,My brother worships that ,Oscar- winning director4 3`d*"ru`b&1ow"n>"$"g&1r3"%"e:'l>`k?' e."k.`d!ad%`t`- #aj4 vivid a4 et'my1d!a;iz'd&"d!a ,I was quite impressed with ,Mina's vivid description of country life4 m*`n>"d$"e.'kt'iz'r31d!aiz'd&"m{1i/" gx"3`?"e."e.'dx'iu'l!"- #aa4 expansive a4 k_`l3"d!a2c{1l3"d!a ,These expansive wetlands are home to many rare animals4 a!"e+'k_`l3"d!ai:'d*"i:"e|`d3'e*'s`d&" /"d!aj*'e*1d*"- #ab4 exposure n4 p/"c/";k+'b/"{bx1|` k+"j:1 to oy"6"o ,Exposure to the latest information is crucial to a reporter4 k+'b/"h$"e?'h:'e4"d$"*'my1k*"a!`cw1i3' k*1$1a&"{"- #ac4 vibrant a4 {e!"jw`o et'my1d!a;iz' *"x"gv1d!a2b&'mv`r31c*"d!a ,My room was decorated in vibrant colors4 3`qx1kt'6"et't"d!ae!"jw`a_'i:"- ,Tourists love ,Bangkok for its vibrant markets and friendly people4 s1l!"d('e*`w"mv"k/`b&'mv`r31c*"d!ai:" k*1rv"s`iv"d!agu1mu1- 33333333333333333333 8,Grammar ,Tips0 multilayered a4 d3'jz1{j:"o d!a layered a4 jz1jz1d$'d+1d!a ,Nina made an elaborate multilayered cake with several fillings and frostings4 n*1n>"a:"h3"c!a*'k!"ky'a:"d3'jz1d!adv" k%'2s`a!ai/"a&`et"c{"rv"fx1i_'- ---------------------------------------- h:"i(` multi- o{`;-d3'd!a-2,;-d3'o0"/ a&`d!a-22bx1kt"d!a6"q>`s`e)"c+"33 a4 multi {d3'o+ cultural {=1r9"d!ao .k multicultural a4 d3'a&`=1r9"d!a ,In the multicultural hub of ,Singapore1 ,English is one of the country's four official languages4 hw"e?'k)'p<'a!"k!"d3'~1=1r9"a&'e?'2y' |`i:"kw'k31e:"k!"k}'qx'|`t1d!aj*1a&'a:' *'- b4 multi {d3'o+ functional {k&'nz1ey" d!ao .k multifunctional a4 d3'k&'nz1d!a ,You can use the multifunctional printer to fax and scan4 n*`l!`*`6"a!"fw1d3'k&'nz1?"o{`k*'cw1 b}1au'rv"e%`m{1- c4 multi {d3'b&1o+ ple {a!1d+1o .k multiple a4 d3'b&1d!a2d3'."d!a ,Kathy sustained multiple injuries in the car crash4 lw`e*'hw"a!"j:"b!'r3"a&'iu'ix"d3'b/" i("ix'- d4 multi {d3'."o+ task {k&'h3"o .k multitask vi4 {f&1i:1o b/`c*`k*`kt" k&'h3" ,Some computers can multitask with great efficiency4 s`e+'dt"n%`nz1*`k%'e{"c|"f&1i:1b/`c*` d3'e."i:"/"- gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg #a/#bi k+`e*'=1q>` d*"o>'ax' q/"j:1 d*"ev'k+1 a&"{"d!aq/"j:16"q>`{e|"o #ac4 *`e)"i:"ky'bx1i:`6"d!a;-my1j:1+ k+"j:1+ my1j:1-2 e3`ey1bz1d!aq/"j:1pt" |`33 hand in hand i(`c>'a!ai(` side by side kt'oy"kt' shoulder to shoulder kt'oy"kt' arm in arm o*"}`a!ao*" word for word a/1h:"d*" day by day ft'ft' night after night +"+" little by little kt"kt" one by one *'k!"k+'*'k!"d*" one after another c/"e|"d*" face to face mt"d$"mt" ,They walked hand in hand down the road4 f>'mu1i(`jt'i(`t1a!an>"f{1c/"h(`e)" j|"- ,They came in one after another4 f>'mu1c/"e|"h(`k?"cw1- #ad4 not {"a:"|1o/"dy"j:1pt"|`,qu'j:1 k*1d&"my1j:1a:'jt1- ,He pretended to not know me4 7o{7 33o ,He pretended not to know me4 7{o7 f>'k)`a_'o/"gu"i:"3`- ,Since ,I have a lot of work to do1 ,I decided not to go on the trip4 s1|1s`ru`d3'k&'h3"{"h3"23`k81dy"o/"j|" c|`ey1- ,Having not finished the work1 ,I decided to stay4 7o{7 33o ,Not having finished the work1 ,I decided to stay4 7{o7 k&'h3"rw1m01}1bz123`k81dy"cs1e)"cw1- ,He was disappointed at not having finished his work4 f>'ru`i:'_"rw1m01o>`k&'h3"}1bz1- #ae4 a/"d&"j:1+ q/"j:1+ ou`d&"j:1 ,I can always count on ,Peter for advice4 3`h&`nz1a:`_"o*`d!1k0`3`kt"*"- ,I never have seen him before4 {c+"o 33o ,I have never seen him before4 7{o7 3`*`jt1j&1m01kt"k3"f>'- #af4 q/"j:1es'i:"o0"d&"|`fw"i:12f&'bx1 a:"|1k3"j|"qu'j:1a:'jt1- ,His speech was well presented4 f>'d!at`i3'ru`ky'jw`- ,That case was finally settled4 n>"k!"v"h:aa&'|1k+`k81c!a- ,That project had been checked very carefully before it was presented to the boss4 {l!`o 33o ,That project had been very carefully checked before it was presented to the boss4 {k)'o n>"qu"j*"r9"v"hw"k{'k0`c%`ov`jt1ru`h:` e*"d*"o0"kt`b>1k3"c!a- #ag4 more than |`o0"i/"d!ak}'e*"33 more than y'a:"|1o0"i/"a:'jt1- h%"k|" q>`h!1g/1e)"33 a4 et'h%"*'k!"rv1s` 8o0"i/"j:1+ as''' as'''0 d!ak|"h:a33 ,He has three times as much money as you do4 f>'6`s`d!ajt1i:"n*`d!aev'o0"- b4 hw"|1 8o0"i/"j:1+ as''' as'''0 d!a k|"k("jt1a:"g/" more than1 k*1k%"}1bz1- ,He has three times more than as much money as you do4 7o{7 33o ,He has more than three times as much money as you do4 7{o7 f>'6`s`d!ajt1o*`n*`d!aev'o0"rw1d3'- c4 more than *"l!`a:"|1d&"j:1 double {hz'k)'*'o0"o a:'jt1- ,Our income has more than doubled in one year4 3`mu1d!ai('g/"hw"*'nt1n0"hz'k)'c!a*' o0"d3'- #ah4 more than |` over d!ak}'e*"33 over h3"k+"j:1o{`;-b%'k3"-2 i:12l!`6" more than dw"f*"2?'j:`c.`a!`o/"l!`oy"6"- ,Henry has worked here more than over a year4 7o{7 33o ,Henry has worked here over a year4 .k ,Henry has worked here more than a year4 rz'c*"hw"a!"c*`k&'h3"*`ky'*'nt1d3'c!a- ,Over #bj people were hurt in the accident4 .k ,More than #bj people were hurt in the accident4 s`:"i:1d3'gu1hw"n>"bx`*"7"a&'i("ix'- gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg #a/#cj k}"6"|`qx"d>"ky" ,Be ,Stressed ,Out )'c*"k3"d>" ,S .k ,Stacey ,D .k ,Doctor ,Tsai ,S3 ,Doctor ,Tsai1 ,I'm really at my wits' end4 ,D3 ,What seems to be the problem8 ,S3 ,It's me4 ,I'm so unhappy1 ,Dr4 ,Tsai4 ,D3 ,Why8 ,S3 ,My husband1 ,Eric1 never helps me out with the kids4 ,D3 ,It sounds to me like you're really stressed out4 ,You need a break4 ,S3 ,True1 but the only thing ,I really want to break is my husband's neck4 ,D3 ,Sorry1 ,I can't help you with that4 33333333333333333333 i:`dw"e*'33jw"*'i:'23`au'd!ao/"a:'d%" kw'hu`m!aov"jw1r%`- jw"*'i:'33hu`m!ac!am>ao i:`dw"e*'33="f*1hw"3`h:"k*`- jw"*'i:'2 3`ru`o/"l7"c!"- jw"*'i:'33$"iu1m!ao i:`dw"e*'33 3`c%`k&'w"g$"l!"j&1cw1o/" r$"ox'mx1a%"k/"rw1h:a- jw"*'i:'33fy'j*`cw1n*`)'c*"i:1hw"i:" fw"d>"c!a- n*`e|'{"es'e*1*'e)"- i:`dw"e*'33m01j3"2dv"i:"3`$1*'e.`h3" d!ai:"a!1d}"3`c%`k&'d!ao<1h:a- jw"*'i:'33au'o%"jt"2n>"3`l!`m01ov"q>` ox'n*`c!a- 33333333333333333333 stress *'h:"$1d&"j:12o{`;-k)')'c*" |1"""-2- stressed r3" stressed out $1ey1g&1j:12 o{`;-)'c*"k3"d>"d!a-22s1a:`d>"d%"o/"lv' q/"r!"d!ad*"o/"- ou`pt'd$"r9"a&'e3`6"d!a break *'h:"|`dw"i_'k}'2d*"*'k!" break $1 my1j:12o{`;-es'e*1-2;d*":"k!"h!1$1d&" j:12o{`;-a!1d}"-2- i:`dw"e*'?'$"c%`k&' o/"ox'mx1a%"k/"rw1h:a2o/"dv"s'|"d%"{"lv" e?'c*`*'iz'2rw1j*"d!ae.`ns`d}"c%`k&'d!a o<1h:a- be stressed out )'c*"k3"d>" ,Everyone was stressed out during the finals' week4 m0`k!"gu1hw"j*1m<"l%`a('j*1kt')'c*"d(' ru`d>"- ,I always feel stressed out at work4 3`ix"ov'i:1h&`i:"k81d!a)'c*"ru`d>"- 33333333333333333333 8,more to ,learn0 *`e)"o/`b&'k*`k!"|`k+"j:1 out e.'k}' d!apt"|`33 chew someone out h!1m>"m(`gu1 ,Al's boss chewed him out for being late4 c%`ov`?'$"w":`b:1d%"o>`f>'b("m>"c!a*' d="- cut it out fy1a:`h3"m(`i:" ,Cut it out6 ,You are driving me crazy6 fy1e)"cw1l n*`l7"o>`3`o*'qz'c!al 99 drive someone crazy o>`m(`gu1o*'qz' back out 7of sth7 j|`e{'bz1n3";f$"b/' m(`i:" ,The client backed out of the deal4 l!"r/"j|`e{'c!an>"bx`k{'*"- 33333333333333333333 8,Words in users0 break n4 es'e*1;av"fy1 & vt4 a!1d}"; d>`p<" take a break/ rest es'e*1*'e)" ,We've been working for hours4 ,Let's take a break6 3`mu1*'ct1k&'h3"r%`k*`k!"e{`i:1c!a- hv1mu1es'e*1*'e)"o>al ,I finally found out that it was ,Hank who broke the window4 3`a&'|1b>1jy'b/`d>`p<"b_'r/"d!ai:"rv" l!"- 33333333333333333333 8,Practical ,Phrases0 #a4 be at one's wits' end m(`gu1*'b(1 m<"av` ,The young mother was at her wits' end trying to care for her newborn twins by herself4 n>"my1nt1jy'm>'m>'d$"|1i:"f/1d/1h:"a%" k/"kx'b/'iz'd!ai_'o%'fw'kv`d%"i/"i(`/1 j!"- #b4 ,What seems to be the problem8 .k ,What's the matter8 .k ,What's eating you8 n*`hu`m!ac!ao #c4 help sb out ox'a/"m(`gu1 ,Lisa helped me out when ,I lost my job4 c*"i>'hw"3`i:'+"i:1ox'a/"c!a3`- gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg #a/#ca i:1c*"j!"t" jy`ku'k|"k|"*"rv"=1q>`e~`b/'*'k!"h$" az"j8"d!ad>1v"- #a4 ,My younger brother has a ---- for outdoor activities such as hiking and biking4 7#a/#b7 7,A7 commitment 7,B7 threat 7,C7 drawback 7,D7 preference #b4 ,Both parents should take responsibility for their children's ---- well-being4 7#a/#c7 7,A7 emotional 7,B7 offensive 7,C7 flexible 7,D7 primitive #c4 ,Jonathan ---- decided to go abroad to study in spite of his father's opposition4 7#a/#d7 7,A7 notoriously 7,B7 casually 7,C7 fatally 7,D7 ultimately #d4 ,Karen is allergic to seafood4 ,If she accidentally eats crab1 her throat will ---- up within minutes4 7#a/#e7 7,A7 consist 7,B7 swell 7,C7 venture 7,D7 linger #e4 ,The publisher printed #aj1jjj more copies ---- the high demand for the book4 7#a/#g7 7,A7 in terms of 7,B7 in response to 7,C7 by means of 7,D7 with respect to #f4 ,This news website can't be trusted because there is a lot of ---- information on it4 7#a/#h7 7,A7 numb 7,B7 devoted 7,C7 false 7,D7 academic #g4 ,Naomi goes to that ,Japanese restaurant ---- because she enjoys their sushi and sashimi4 7#a/#i7 7,A7 permanently 7,B7 respectively 7,C7 violently 7,D7 frequently #h4 ,The hot springs in ,Yellowstone are very acidic and help to create beautiful limestone ----4 7#a/#aj7 7,A7 shelters 7,B7 railways 7,C7 landscapes 7,D7 possessions #i4 ,After a five-hour ride1 all the passengers stood and stretched as the train ---- the station4 7#a/#ae7 7,A7 called for 7,B7 pulled into 7,C7 dwelled on 7,D7 turned around #aj4 ,Most public speakers use gestures and body language to help them ---- their idea when delivering a speech4 7#a/#af7 7,A7 nurture 7,B7 extend 7,C7 convey 7,D7 acquire #aa4 ,In ancient ,China1 firecrackers were set off at midnight to scare away ---- spirits during ,Lunar ,New ,Year4 7#a/#ah7 7,A7 evil 7,B7 rare 7,C7 unique 7,D7 mental #ab4 ,A #f.g-magnitude earthquake struck ,Japan's northernmost main island of ,Hokkaido last ,September1 causing some buildings to ---- and triggering landslides4 7#a/#ai7 7,A7 collapse 7,B7 decline 7,C7 withdraw 7,D7 prosper #ac4 ,Millions of people around the globe were excited to witness the rare ---- of a total solar eclipse4 7#a/#bb7 7,A7 occurrence 7,B7 popularity 7,C7 migration 7,D7 stereotype #ad4 ,To ensure that they get enough protein in their diet1 hummingbirds ---- spiders and small insects4 7#a/#bc7 7,A7 switch to 7,B7 marvel at 7,C7 prey on 7,D7 recover from #ae4 ,Most children eat school lunches because their parents are too busy to prepare food for them ----4 7#a/#bd7 7,A7 underneath 7,B7 beforehand 7,C7 annually 7,D7 gratefully d>1v"33 #a4 ,D #b4 ,A #c4 ,D #d4 ,B #e4 ,B #f4 ,C #g4 ,D #h4 ,C #i4 ,B #aj4 ,C #aa4 ,A #ab4 ,A #ac4 ,A #ad4 ,C #ae4 ,B